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Related Concept Videos

NMR Spectrometers: Radiofrequency Pulses and Pulse Sequences01:17

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A pulse is a short burst of radio waves distributed over a range of frequencies that simultaneously excites all the nuclei in the sample. Upon passing a radio frequency pulse along the x-axis, the nuclei absorb energy corresponding to their Larmor frequencies and achieve resonance. This shifts the net magnetization vector from the z-axis toward the transverse plane. This angle of rotation of the magnetization vector, or the flip angle, is proportional to the duration and intensity of the pulse.
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In signal processing, bandpass sampling is an effective technique for sampling signals that have most of their energy concentrated within a narrow frequency band. This type of signal is known as a bandpass signal. The key principle of bandpass sampling involves sampling the signal at a rate that is greater than twice the signal's bandwidth to prevent aliasing.
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Double Resonance Techniques: Overview01:12

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Double resonance techniques in Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR) spectroscopy involve the simultaneous application of two different frequencies or radiofrequency pulses to manipulate and observe two distinct nuclear spins. One important application of double resonance is spin decoupling, which selectively suppresses coupling with one type of nucleus while observing the NMR signal from another nucleus, simplifying the spectrum and enhancing resolution.
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When magnetic nuclei in a sample achieve resonance and undergo relaxation, the signal detected in NMR is an approximately exponential free induction decay. Fourier transform of an exponential decay yields a Lorentzian peak in the frequency domain. Lorentzian peaks in an NMR spectrum are defined by their amplitude, full width at half maximum, and position, where the peak width is governed by the spin-spin relaxation time alone. In real experiments, however, the applied magnetic field is rendered...
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Phase-lead controllers are commonly used in various control systems to enhance response speed and stability. Adjusting the brightness on a television screen offers a practical example of phase-lead control. When contrast is enhanced, a phase-lead controller is employed. Mathematically, phase-lead control is identified when the first parameter is smaller than the second.
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Phase-lag controllers are widely used in control systems to improve stability and reduce steady-state errors. A dimmer switch controlling the brightness of a light bulb serves as a practical example of phase-lag control, gradually adjusting the bulb's brightness. Mathematically, phase-lag control or low-pass filtering is represented when the factor 'a' is less than 1.
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Updated: Mar 19, 2026

Shaping the Amplitude and Phase of Laser Beams by Using a Phase-only Spatial Light Modulator
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Multiband phase-coded chirp microwave pulse generation for improving range-Doppler resolution.

Difei Shi, Xiangyan Meng, HanXin Chen

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    A novel photonic approach generates phase-coded chirp microwave waveforms using a dual-polarization dual-drive Mach-Zehnder modulator (DP-DDMZM). This method enhances range-Doppler resolution for simultaneous communication and sensing applications.

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    Generation and Coherent Control of Pulsed Quantum Frequency Combs
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    Area of Science:

    • Photonics
    • Microwave Engineering
    • Signal Processing

    Background:

    • Chirp signals are crucial for radar and communication systems.
    • Existing methods for generating coded chirp waveforms can be complex and limited in resolution.
    • Improving range-Doppler resolution is key for advanced sensing and communication.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To propose a novel photonic approach for generating pulsed phase-coded chirp microwave waveforms.
    • To achieve waveforms with thumbtack-like ambiguity functions for enhanced resolution.
    • To demonstrate a compact and stable system for simultaneous communication and sensing.

    Main Methods:

    • Utilizing a dual-polarization dual-drive Mach-Zehnder modulator (DP-DDMZM).
    • Applying linearly chirped signals and 13-bit Barker coding signals to the DP-DDMZM.
    • Adjusting voltage biases to generate multiband signals with multiplied frequencies and bandwidths.

    Main Results:

    • Successfully generated multiband pulsed phase-coded chirp signals with fundamental, double, triple, and quadruple center frequencies.
    • Achieved waveforms with thumbtack-like ambiguity functions, improving range-Doppler resolution.
    • Demonstrated the effectiveness of pseudo-random sequences for enhanced ambiguity functions.

    Conclusions:

    • The proposed photonic approach offers a compact and stable method for generating advanced microwave waveforms.
    • The technique significantly improves range-Doppler resolution, beneficial for simultaneous communication and sensing.
    • The theoretical analysis and numerical verification confirm the viability of the approach.