Fourier domain ghost imaging with adaptive enhancement for scattering media

Remote-sensing applications within atmospheric scattering environments pose substantial challenges for traditional optical imaging systems owing to photon scattering, signal attenuation, and noise-induced degradation. This paper presents a ghost imaging technique operating in the Fourier domain, integrated with adaptive multistage post-processing enhancement algorithms to improve image reconstruction fidelity in the presence of scattering media. The experimental framework utilizes a digital micromirror device (DMD) to generate structured Fourier basis patterns in the reference arm, while the signal arm traverses controllable scattering media simulated using a precision-positioned ground glass (GG) diffuser. Image reconstruction is achieved through frequency-domain correlation processing employing a three-step phase-shifting algorithm, while reconstructed image degradation is mitigated through a multi-stage enhancement pipeline incorporating adaptive denoising, deblurring, and contrast optimization algorithms. Experimental validation demonstrates that the proposed methodology achieves recognizable image reconstruction using 25% of the Fourier coefficient set under high-scattering conditions, with enhancement algorithms providing up to 30% improvement in peak signal-to-noise ratio (PSNR) relative to unprocessed reconstructions. This investigation reveals fundamental limitations in dense scattering regimes and provides insights into the computational trade-offs inherent in ghost imaging systems under challenging environmental conditions.