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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Mar 19, 2026

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An HHEX/IKKα positive feedback loop promotes intestinal inflammation.

Zhebin Hua1,2, Weimin Xu1,2, Wenjun Ding1,2

  • 1Department of Colorectal Surgery, Xinhua Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.

The Journal of Clinical Investigation
|March 17, 2026
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Hematopoietically-expressed homeobox (HHEX) protein stabilizes the IKK complex, exacerbating intestinal inflammation in inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). Inhibiting HHEX may offer a new therapeutic strategy for IBD.

Keywords:
GastroenterologyImmunologyInflammationInflammatory bowel diseaseNF-kappaB

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Area of Science:

  • Immunology
  • Molecular Biology
  • Gastroenterology

Background:

  • The IκB kinase (IKK) complex and NF-κB pathway are crucial in inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) pathogenesis.
  • The role of hematopoietically-expressed homeobox (HHEX) in intestinal inflammation was previously unknown.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the role of HHEX in intestinal inflammation and its underlying molecular mechanisms.
  • To determine if HHEX is a potential therapeutic target for IBD.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized a colitis mouse model and human IBD samples to assess HHEX expression.
  • Performed in vitro and in vivo experiments to evaluate the functional impact of HHEX.
  • Investigated the molecular interactions between HHEX, IKKα, IKKβ, TNF-α, MID2, and ubiquitin ligase.

Main Results:

  • HHEX is upregulated in inflamed colons in mouse models and human IBD samples.
  • HHEX overexpression enhances inflammatory cytokine production, while HHEX deficiency reduces inflammation.
  • IKKα phosphorylates HHEX, stabilizing it and promoting IKK complex assembly, thereby activating the NF-κB pathway and creating a positive feedback loop.

Conclusions:

  • HHEX plays a critical role in promoting intestinal inflammation and colitis through a transcription-independent mechanism.
  • HHEX stabilizes the IKK complex, exacerbating the NF-κB pathway activation in IBD.
  • HHEX is identified as an IBD susceptibility gene and a potential therapeutic target.