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Updated: Mar 19, 2026

Esophageal Heat Transfer for Patient Temperature Control and Targeted Temperature Management
Published on: November 21, 2017
Clinical tips to optimize liquid nitrogen spray cryotherapy in esophageal malignancy
Joseph Spataro1,2, Michael Fuchs1,2, Alvin Zfass1,2
1Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology, Richmond Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Central Virginia VA Health Care System, Richmond, VA, USA.
None:
Liquid nitrogen spray cryotherapy is an approved modality that has been used to treat esophageal disease for more than 20 years. This versatile tool effectively ablates unwanted tissue; however, its widespread adoption has been limited by procedural complexity limiting technical success. Drawing on the collective experience of the authors, this article provides practical tips to optimize procedure safety, efficiency, and outcomes, with a focus on esophageal malignancy.
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