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Conversational alignment as an individual difference.

Yngwie A Nielsen1,2, Riccardo Fusaroli1,2, Fabio Trecca1,3

  • 1School of Communication and Culture, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark.

Proceedings. Biological Sciences
|March 17, 2026
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Conversational alignment, or how speakers mirror each other, shows little stability across time or partners. This suggests alignment is more of a communication skill than a fixed personality trait.

Keywords:
conversational alignmentindividual differenceskilltrait

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Area of Science:

  • Psycholinguistics
  • Communication Science
  • Cognitive Psychology

Background:

  • Conversational alignment, the mirroring of linguistic and non-linguistic behaviors between speakers, is crucial for effective communication.
  • Individual differences in alignment are recognized, but lack theoretical and empirical grounding regarding their stability.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the stability of conversational alignment as a potential individual difference trait.
  • To determine if alignment scores remain consistent across different conversations, time points, and interaction partners.

Main Methods:

  • Analysis of four large corpora containing 1375 adult-adult and parent-child conversations with repeated measures.
  • Quantification of lexical, structural, and semantic alignment scores within and across conversational contexts.

Main Results:

  • Alignment scores showed moderate correlations (approx. 0.50) within conversations but lower correlations (0.20-0.25) across time, interlocutors, and contexts.
  • Stability of alignment was higher in less conversationally skilled populations and similar interaction contexts.

Conclusions:

  • Findings provide limited evidence for conversational alignment being a stable, trait-like individual difference.
  • Results support the hypothesis that individual differences in alignment reflect a communication skill rather than a fixed trait.
  • Challenges remain in developing improved measures for assessing conversational alignment skills.