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Published on: July 8, 2020
FSHR gene polymorphisms in cattle: a systematic review of genetic landscapes, structural and breed specific effects
Sari Yanti Hayanti1, Desiana Ade Mahari2, Eko Handiwirawan2
1Study Program of Veterinary Biomedical Sciences, Postgraduate School, IPB University, Bogor, West Java 16680, Indonesia; Research Center for Animal Husbandry, Research Organization of Agriculture and Food, National Research and Innovation Agency (BRIN), Bogor 16911, Indonesia.
Abstract:
Reproductive efficiency is a pivotal factor contributing to the unsustainability of the cattle industry. The follicle-stimulating hormone receptor (FSHR) is integral in regulating ovarian follicle development and the response to assisted reproduction technology (ART) protocols. This systematic review synthesized 29 studies to assess the association between FSHR gene polymorphisms and reproductive outcomes in cattle. The findings revealed that 34.6% of the studies exhibited a risk of methodological bias due to incomplete reporting of single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) positions and primary sequences. The most frequently investigated SNP variants were located in exon 10 (e.g., g.1973C>G; g.337 C>G) and the 5' untranslated region (5'UTR) domain (e.g., g.-278G>A), with diverse geographic and species distributions. Bioinformatic analysis indicated that variants in exon 10 are situated in the functionally significant extracellular domain of the receptor. All studies examining genotype-phenotype associations (n = 8) of FSHR SNPs in exon 10 were conducted in both naturally estrous (n = 4) and hormonally intervened estrous (n = 4) cow. However, the majority of significant associations (P < 0.05) were attributed to hormonal protocol interventions. The synthesis of these significant findings suggests that no simple inheritance pattern, such as a specific heterozygote or homozygote advantage, can be generalized for the FSHR gene. The association between a genotype and a reproductive phenotype is largely contingent upon complex interactions between specific SNPs, breed, and the type of phenotypic parameter measured. Therefore, it is concluded that FSHR polymorphisms have the potential to modulate ovarian response, particularly to ART, rather than serving as a primary fertility gene.
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