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Related Concept Videos

MicroRNAs01:22

MicroRNAs

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MicroRNA (miRNA) are short, regulatory RNA transcribed from introns (non-coding regions of a gene) or intergenic regions (stretches of DNA present between genes). Several processing steps are required to form biologically active, mature miRNA. The initial transcript, called primary miRNA (pri-mRNA), base-pairs with itself, forming a stem-loop structure. Within the nucleus, an endonuclease enzyme, called Drosha, shortens the stem-loop structure into hairpin-shaped pre-miRNA. After the pre-miRNA...
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MicroRNAs01:22

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MicroRNA (miRNA) are short, regulatory RNA transcribed from introns—non-coding regions of a gene—or intergenic regions—stretches of DNA present between genes. Several processing steps are required to form biologically active, mature miRNA. The initial transcript, called primary miRNA (pri-mRNA), base-pairs with itself forming a stem-loop structure. Within the nucleus, an endonuclease enzyme, called Drosha, shortens the stem-loop structure into hairpin-shaped pre-miRNA. After...
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siRNA - Small Interfering RNAs02:30

siRNA - Small Interfering RNAs

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Small interfering RNAs, or siRNAs, are short regulatory RNA molecules that can silence genes post-transcriptionally, as well as the transcriptional level in some cases. siRNAs are important for protecting cells against viral infections and silencing transposable genetic elements.
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Experimental RNAi02:15

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RNA interference (RNAi) is a cellular mechanism that inhibits gene expression by suppressing its transcription or activating the RNA degradation process. The mechanism was discovered by Andrew Fire and Craig Mello in 1998 in plants. Today, it is observed in almost all eukaryotes, including protozoa, flies, nematodes, insects, parasites, and mammals. This precise cellular mechanism of gene silencing has been developed into a technique that provides an efficient way to identify and determine the...
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RNA Interference01:23

RNA Interference

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RNA interference (RNAi) is a process in which a small non-coding RNA molecule blocks the post-transcriptional expression of a gene by binding to its messenger RNA (mRNA) and preventing the protein from being translated.
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Translocation of Proteins into the Mitochondria01:19

Translocation of Proteins into the Mitochondria

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Mitochondrial precursors are translocated to the internal subcompartments via independent mechanisms involving distinct protein machineries called translocases.
Sorting of outer membrane proteins:
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In Vivo Nanovector Delivery of a Heart-specific MicroRNA-sponge
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Translating a miRNA Signal into Physical Immunomodulation via Programmed DNA Network Assembly on Mitochondria.

Qin Xiang1, Jinkun Huang1, Lei Shuai1

  • 1Marshall Laboratory of Biomedical Engineering, Precision Medicine and Health Research Institute, Shenzhen Key Laboratory for Nano-Biosensing Technology, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Biomedical Measurements and Ultrasound Imaging, School of Biomedical Engineering, Shenzhen University Medical School, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, China.

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Summary

This study introduces a DNA nanomaterial that targets cancer cell mitochondria, activating a localized immune response against tumors. This precision immunotherapy approach minimizes systemic toxicity for enhanced cancer treatment.

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Area of Science:

  • Biotechnology
  • Nanomedicine
  • Immunotherapy

Background:

  • Nonspecific toxicity of cGAS-STING pathway agonists hinders precision immunotherapy.
  • Targeted delivery and controlled activation are crucial for effective cancer therapeutics.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To develop a programmable DNA nanomaterial for targeted cancer immunotherapy.
  • To overcome the limitations of current immunotherapies by reducing off-target toxicity.
  • To create a theranostic agent capable of both diagnosis and treatment.

Main Methods:

  • Engineered a DNA nanomaterial acting as a logic-gated theranostic agent.
  • Programmed the nanodevice to target mitochondria and detect oncogenic microRNA-21 (miR-21).
  • Utilized an integrated catalytic circuit for signal deciphering and in situ DNA network assembly.

Main Results:

  • The nanodevice triggered localized STING-mediated immune assault by damaging mitochondrial membranes.
  • Demonstrated amplified diagnostic imaging of the molecular trigger (miR-21).
  • Achieved significant suppression of primary and metastatic tumors in vivo with minimal systemic toxicity.

Conclusions:

  • Established a new design principle for intelligent therapeutics using DNA nanostructures.
  • Introduced a novel therapeutic paradigm converting molecular signals into physical, immunomodulatory structures.
  • Pioneered a new frontier for dynamic materials in precision medicine with organelle-level targeting.