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Related Concept Videos

Ionic Strength: Effects on Chemical Equilibria01:19

Ionic Strength: Effects on Chemical Equilibria

3.0K
The addition of an inert ionic compound increases the solubility of a sparingly soluble salt. For example, adding potassium nitrate to a saturated solution of calcium sulfate significantly enhances the solubility of calcium sulfate. Le Châtelier's principle cannot predict this shift in the equilibrium. Instead, this could be explained in terms of changes in the effective concentration of the ions in solution in the presence of added inert salt.
In this solution, the primary...
3.0K
Electrolyte and Nonelectrolyte Solutions02:21

Electrolyte and Nonelectrolyte Solutions

74.0K
Substances that undergo either a physical or a chemical change in solution to yield ions that can conduct electricity are called electrolytes. If a substance yields ions in solution, that is, if the compound undergoes 100% dissociation, then the substance is a strong electrolyte. Complete dissociation is indicated by a single forward arrow. For example, water-soluble ionic compounds like sodium chloride dissociate into sodium cations and chloride anions in aqueous solution.
74.0K
Formation of Complex Ions03:45

Formation of Complex Ions

26.6K
A type of Lewis acid-base chemistry involves the formation of a complex ion (or a coordination complex) comprising a central atom, typically a transition metal cation, surrounded by ions or molecules called ligands. These ligands can be neutral molecules like H2O or NH3, or ions such as CN− or OH−. Often, the ligands act as Lewis bases, donating a pair of electrons to the central atom. These types of Lewis acid-base reactions are examples of a broad subdiscipline called coordination...
26.6K
Solubility Equilibria: Overview01:09

Solubility Equilibria: Overview

1.8K
When a substance such as sodium chloride is added to water, it dissolves, forming an aqueous solution. The extent of dissolution is called solubility. The process of dissolution can exist in equilibrium, just like other chemical processes. Solubility equilibria are also called precipitation equilibria because the process of solubility can be reversible. The reverse of the solubility process is called precipitation.
Solubility is important in biological and environmental processes. A notable...
1.8K
Solubility03:00

Solubility

22.0K
Solution, Solubility, and Solubility Equilibrium
A solution is a homogeneous mixture composed of a solvent, the major component, and a solute, the minor component. The physical state of a solution—solid, liquid, or gas—is typically the same as that of the solvent. Solute concentrations are often described with qualitative terms such as dilute (of relatively low concentration) and concentrated (of relatively high concentration).
In a solution, the solute particles (molecules,...
22.0K
Factors Affecting Solubility04:01

Factors Affecting Solubility

38.0K
Compared with pure water, the solubility of an ionic compound is less in aqueous solutions containing a common ion (one also produced by dissolution of the ionic compound). This is an example of a phenomenon known as the common ion effect, which is a consequence of the law of mass action that may be explained using Le Chȃtelier’s principle. Consider the dissolution of silver iodide:
38.0K

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Updated: Mar 19, 2026

Solid-state Graft Copolymer Electrolytes for Lithium Battery Applications
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Sodium versus Lithium: How Solvation Improves Battery Behavior.

Cynthia G Pyles1, Louis V Morris2, Michael W Swift3

  • 1Chemistry Division, U.S. Naval Research Laboratory, 4555 Overlook Ave SW, Washington, District of Columbia 20375, United States.

ACS Applied Materials & Interfaces
|March 18, 2026
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Sodium batteries offer a more abundant alternative to lithium-ion batteries. Sodium ions (Na+) exhibit weaker interactions with diglyme electrolytes, leading to faster transport and improved performance.

Keywords:
Na-compatible electrolytecation-dependent behaviorsolvation structureultrafast dynamicsweak solvation

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Characterization of Electrode Materials for Lithium Ion and Sodium Ion Batteries Using Synchrotron Radiation Techniques
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Characterization of Electrode Materials for Lithium Ion and Sodium Ion Batteries Using Synchrotron Radiation Techniques
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Area of Science:

  • Materials Science
  • Electrochemistry
  • Physical Chemistry

Background:

  • Growing demand for lithium-ion (Li-ion) batteries strains global supply chains.
  • Sodium (Na) presents an abundant alternative alkali metal for battery development.
  • Differences in ion size and reactivity necessitate tailored research for sodium batteries.

Purpose of the Study:

  • Compare lithium (Li) and sodium (Na) electrolytes in diglyme and fluoroethylene carbonate blends.
  • Investigate the solvation dynamics and transport properties of Li+ and Na+ ions.
  • Evaluate the potential of Na-based electrolytes as a sustainable alternative to Li-ion systems.

Main Methods:

  • Optical microscopy for observing electrodeposition.
  • Fringe field Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR) for ion interaction studies.
  • Viscosity-conductivity analysis and molecular dynamics simulations for transport properties.
  • Ultrafast infrared spectroscopy (pump-probe anisotropy) for solvent structuring.

Main Results:

  • Sodium systems show smoother electrodeposition compared to lithium systems in diglyme blends.
  • Na+ interacts more weakly with diglyme than Li+, resulting in faster Na+ transport.
  • Na+ ions move more freely than Li+ ions, especially in diglyme-rich solvent blends.
  • Li+ ions induce more rigid solvent structuring than Na+ ions, affecting additives.

Conclusions:

  • Weakly solvated electrolytes enhance ion transport and charge transfer kinetics.
  • Sodium-based battery systems demonstrate significant potential as a sustainable alternative.
  • Tailoring electrolyte solvation is crucial for optimizing next-generation battery performance.