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Related Concept Videos

Peripheral Nervous System: Ganglia and Nerves01:24

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The Peripheral Nervous System (PNS) is a crucial component of the body's neural network, extending beyond the central nervous system (CNS) to bridge the gap between the CNS and the external environment. It encompasses nerves, ganglia, and sensory receptors.
Nerves
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Local anesthetics (LAs) block the sodium channels of nerve trunks, sensory nerve endings, and neuromuscular junctions. Although LAs can block all kinds of nerves, the sensitivity of nerve fibers differs according to nerve types and structures. LAs are known to block myelinated fibers faster than unmyelinated ones. Also, they block pain or sensory neurons at low concentrations without affecting the motor neurons involved in muscle contractions. This helps relieve labor pain without affecting the...
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Neurokinin 1 (NK1) receptors are distributed across the GI tract, vagal afferents, and key CNS regions including the central vomiting center and chemoreceptor trigger zone (CTZ) Chemotherapy agents stimulate enterochromaffin cells in the gastrointestinal (GI) tract to release large amounts of substance P (SP). SP is a neuropeptide released by specific sensory nerves in response to many different stressors, including those in the GI mucosa affected by chemotherapy.  SP binds and activates...
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Every normal cell or tissue is embedded in a complex local environment called stroma, consisting of different cell types, a basal membrane, and blood vessels. As normal cells mutate and develop into cancer cells, their local environment also changes to allow cancer progression. The tumor microenvironment (TME) consists of a complex cellular matrix of stromal cells and the developing tumor. The cross-talk between cancer cells and surrounding stromal cells is critical to disrupt normal tissue...
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Immunotherapy is a treatment that boosts or manipulates the immune system to fight diseases, including cancer. For instance, by stimulating an immune response through vaccinations against viruses that cause cancers, like hepatitis B virus and human papillomavirus, these diseases can be prevented. Nonetheless, some cancer cells can avoid the immune system due to their rapid mutation and division. The immune response to many cancers involves three phases: elimination, equilibrium, and escape.
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Updated: Mar 19, 2026

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Neuro-tumor interactions in peripheral tumors.

Xueshiyu Ma1, Peixuan Ji2, Jiahao Zheng1

  • 1State Key Laboratory of Systems Medicine for Cancer, Department of Biliary-Pancreatic Surgery, School of Medicine, Shanghai Cancer Institute, Ren Ji Hospital, Ren Ji Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200127, People's Republic of China.

Cancer Metastasis Reviews
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Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

The nervous system actively influences cancer progression within the tumor microenvironment (TME). Targeting this neuro-tumor crosstalk offers new strategies to combat cancer and enhance immune response.

Keywords:
Nerve dependenceNeural invasionNeuroscienceNeurotransmitter antagonists and tumor innervation

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Area of Science:

  • Oncology
  • Neuroscience
  • Cancer Biology

Background:

  • Nerves are increasingly recognized as active regulators within the tumor microenvironment (TME).
  • This paradigm shift moves beyond viewing nerves as passive bystanders to active drivers of cancer.
  • Understanding the neural niche is crucial for cancer research.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To define the "neural niche" and distinguish between passive perineural invasion (PNI) and active tumor innervation.
  • To explore the roles of sympathetic, parasympathetic, and sensory nervous system inputs in cancer.
  • To review therapeutic strategies targeting neural pathways in cancer treatment.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review and synthesis of current research on neuro-cancer interactions.
  • Analysis of signaling pathways involved in sympathetic, parasympathetic, and sensory neuron influence on tumors.
  • Assessment of therapeutic approaches targeting neuro-tumor crosstalk.

Main Results:

  • Sympathetic signaling promotes an "angio-metabolic switch" and immune evasion.
  • Parasympathetic inputs modulate cancer stemness and inflammation in a context-dependent manner.
  • Sensory neurons, via neuropeptides like calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP), contribute to T-cell exhaustion.

Conclusions:

  • Targeting the communication between nerves and tumors (neuro-tumor crosstalk) is a promising strategy.
  • This approach may help overcome therapeutic resistance in cancer.
  • Modulating neural influences can potentially restore anti-tumor immunity.