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    This study compares inverse design algorithms for reconfigurable integrated photonics using phase-change materials (PCMs). It assesses mode converters and a photonic tensor core, highlighting design impacts on performance.

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    Area of Science:

    • Integrated photonics
    • Phase-change materials (PCMs)
    • Optical computing

    Background:

    • Reconfigurable integrated photonics utilizes phase-change materials (PCMs) for applications like optical computing.
    • PCMs offer high optical contrast and nonvolatility due to reversible phase switching.
    • Efficient design and modeling are crucial for practical PCM-based photonic devices.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To compare inverse design algorithms for integrated optical structures.
    • To evaluate mode converters based on the low-loss PCM antimony selenide (Sb2Se3).
    • To assess the performance of a photonic tensor core utilizing these mode converters.

    Main Methods:

    • Comparison of multiple inverse design algorithms for integrated optical devices.
    • Numerical assessment of Sb2Se3-based mode converters for mode contrast, insertion loss, and fabrication robustness.
    • Development and analysis of a photonic tensor core using the designed mode converters as weight elements.

    Main Results:

    • Identified optimal inverse design algorithms for PCM-based integrated photonics.
    • Quantified performance metrics of Sb2Se3 mode converters, including loss and robustness.
    • Analyzed photonic tensor core performance, including output power range and image convolution quality, influenced by weight element choice.

    Conclusions:

    • Inverse design algorithms significantly impact the performance of reconfigurable photonic devices.
    • Sb2Se3-based mode converters show promise for integrated photonic applications.
    • The choice of weight elements in photonic tensor cores critically affects operational range and computational performance.