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Updated: Mar 19, 2026

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Abnormal Behavior of Dopamine Transporter Knockout Rats During Early Ontogeny.

Dmitrii Traktirov1, Ekaterina Kulikova1, Viktoria Burdinskaya1

  • 1Institute of Experimental Medicine, Saint Petersburg, Russia.

Developmental Neurobiology
|March 18, 2026
PubMed
Summary

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The absence of the dopamine transporter (DAT) gene in neonatal rats significantly delays neurobehavioral development, impacting reflexes crucial for maturation. This highlights DAT

Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Developmental Biology
  • Genetics

Background:

  • The dopamine (DA) hypothesis is central to understanding attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD).
  • Previous research relied heavily on neuropharmacology, necessitating investigation into specific DA system mechanisms.
  • The dopamine transporter (DAT) plays a critical role in regulating DA signaling.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the impact of dopamine transporter (DAT) gene absence on neurobehavioral maturation in neonatal rats.
  • To establish the role of DAT in early-life development and its relevance to ADHD models.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized three rat genotypes: DAT-knockout (DAT-KO), DAT-heterozygous (DAT-HET), and DAT-wild type (DAT-WT).
  • Administered a comprehensive battery of neurobehavioral tests from birth to 5 weeks.
Keywords:
animal behaviorattention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD)dopaminedopamine transporter knockoutneurodevelopmentneurodevelopmental reflexesnewborn ratsontogenyrat model

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  • Assessed reflexes including surface righting, negative geotaxis, cliff avoidance, eye opening, auditory startle, olfactory discrimination, air righting, and spatial learning (Morris Water Maze).

    • Main Results:

    • DAT gene knockout significantly delayed the acquisition of surface righting, negative geotaxis, cliff avoidance, and air righting reflexes.
    • The timing of eye opening, auditory startle response, and olfactory discrimination remained unaffected by DAT gene knockout.
    • These findings demonstrate a specific impact of DAT absence on motor and reflex development.

    Conclusions:

    • This study provides the first evidence that Dat gene knockout alters neurobehavioral development in young rats.
    • The results underscore the importance of the DAT in normal neurobehavioral maturation.
    • The DAT-knockout rat model is validated as a valuable tool for studying ADHD and DA system dysfunction.