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Microbiome Landscapes in Squamous Cell Carcinoma Tissue Microenvironments: A Comparative Analysis.

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Area of Science:

  • Oncology
  • Microbiome Research
  • Cancer Biology

Background:

  • Squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) is a common cancer with varied origins but shared molecular characteristics.
  • The microbial landscape within the tumor microenvironment of different SCC types is not well understood.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate shared microbial landscapes across five distinct anatomical sites of squamous cell carcinoma.
  • To identify common bacterial genera and their differential abundance in tumor versus adjacent normal tissues.

Main Methods:

  • Analysis of RNA sequencing data from 419 SCC samples across cutaneous, esophageal, lung, head and neck, and cervical sites.
  • Utilized MaAsLin2 for differential microbial abundance assessment between tumor and normal tissues.
  • External validation cohorts (156 samples) were used to confirm key findings via AUROC analysis.

Main Results:

  • Identified 28 shared bacterial genera across all five SCC cohorts, with Staphylococcus being most abundant.
  • Esophageal, head and neck, and lung SCCs showed similar dysregulated microbiota, with Clostridioides significantly upregulated.
  • Several bacterial genera, including Bradyrhizobium, Massilia, Providencia, and Ralstonia, exhibited differential expression across multiple SCC types and were validated.

Conclusions:

  • While a common dysbiotic microbiota is absent due to anatomical variations, shared microbial patterns in adjacent tissues suggest a unified view of SCC.
  • These findings may inform novel preventive and therapeutic strategies for squamous cell carcinoma.