[Analysis of Clinical Characteristics and Prognosis in Patients with NCAM1-Positive Acute Myeloid Leukemia]

To analyze the expression of NCAM1 in the bone marrow of patients with acute myeloid leukemia (AML), explore the clinical characteristics of NCAM1⁺AML patients, and investigate the impact of NCAM1 on the prognosis of AML patients.

Flow cytometry was used to detect the immunophenotypes of 82 AML patients. The bone marrow smears of these patients were stained, and the nucleated cells were classified and counted. Real-time quantitative PCR was used to detect the relative expression of WT1 . Comparative analysis was performed on the differences in tumor burden, blood routine tests, bone marrow cytology characteristics, and the expression of WT1 gene between patients with NCAM1⁺AML and those with NCAM1^-AML. Additionally, the differences in the initial induction complete remission (CCR) rate and overall survival (OS) were compared between NCAM1⁺AML and NCAM1^-AML patients.

The average platelet count (PLT) of NCAM1⁺AML patients was significantly lower than that of NCAM1^-AML patients (P < 0.001). The percentage of residual nucleated red blood cells (P =0.028 9) and the number of megakaryocytes (P < 0.001) in the bone marrow of NCAM1⁺AML patients were significantly reduced compared to NCAM1^-AML patients. At the initial diagnosis, the expression level of WT1 in the bone marrow of NCAM1⁺AML patients was significantly higher than that in NCAM1^-AML patients (P =0.037 8). There were no significant differences in tumor burden, peripheral white blood cells (WBC) and hemoglobin (Hb) levels, as well as the proportions of residual granulocytes, blast cells, POX positivity, and positive rates of Auer rods in the bone marrow between NCAM1⁺AML and NCAM1^-AML patients (P >0.05). The OS time of NCAM1⁺AML patients was significantly shorter than that of NCAM1^-AML patients (2.5 months vs. . 5 months, P =0.045 7). However, there was no significant difference in the initial induction CR rate between the two groups (P >0.05).

NCAM1⁺AML has unique clinical characteristics. NCAM1 not only promotes the occurrence and drug resistance of leukemia, but may also affect the prognosis of AML patients by affecting bone marrow hematopoiesis.