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Recent Developments in Electrochemical Sensors for Monitoring Neurotransmitters
Merve Yence1, Ahmet Cetinkaya2,3, Sibel A Ozkan4
1Faculty of Pharmacy, Department of Analytical Chemistry, Lokman Hekim University, Ankara, Türkiye.
Critical Reviews in Analytical Chemistry
|March 18, 2026
Summary
Detecting neurotransmitters (NTs) is vital for diagnosing neurological disorders. Electrochemical sensors utilizing advanced nanomaterials offer precise and sensitive detection, enabling real-time clinical applications.
Area of Science:
- Neuroscience
- Analytical Chemistry
- Biomedical Engineering
Background:
- Neurotransmitters (NTs) are essential chemical messengers in the nervous system, regulating physiological states.
- Abnormal NT levels are linked to neurological and psychiatric conditions like ADHD, autism, and Tourette's syndrome (GTS).
- Precise and sensitive detection of NTs is crucial for diagnosing and managing these conditions.
Purpose of the Study:
- To review advancements in electrochemical sensors for detecting neurotransmitters.
- To highlight how improved electrode materials enhance sensor performance.
- To explore emerging technologies for real-time NT assessment in clinical settings.
Main Methods:
- Utilizing electrochemical sensing techniques with advanced electrode designs.
- Incorporating nanomaterials (2D and 3D), DNA, aptamers, and polymers to improve sensor selectivity and sensitivity.
- Reviewing recent developments in biosensors and wearable devices for in-situ diagnostics.
Main Results:
- Electrochemical sensors demonstrate enhanced sensitivity and selectivity for NT detection.
- Advanced electrode materials significantly improve analytical performance.
- New technologies facilitate real-time monitoring and portable diagnostics.
Conclusions:
- Electrochemical sensing offers a promising approach for precise neurotransmitter detection.
- Advances in materials science and sensor technology are driving progress in neuroscience and clinical diagnostics.
- Future applications include portable diagnostic tools for real-time NT assessment.
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