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Refined Murine Model of Idiopathic Pulmonary Fibrosis

Refined Murine Model of Idiopathic Pulmonary Fibrosis

Published on: June 17, 2025

The COCOS-IPF core outcome set for idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis/progressive pulmonary fibrosis care: a mixed-method

Sofie Breuls¹, Vivien Somogyi², Silja Schenk³

¹Dept of Public Health and Primary Care, Academic Centre for Nursing and Midwifery, University of Leuven, Leuven, Belgium.

ERJ Open Research

|March 18, 2026

Abstract

Background:

It is unclear which outcomes are essential for the care of individuals with idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis or progressive pulmonary fibrosis (IPF/PPF). We aimed to develop a core outcome set (COS) together with patients with IPF/PPF for standard care across Europe.

Methods:

A modified three-round Delphi study in five languages involved patients, caregivers, pulmonologists, nurses and other healthcare professionals. The initial survey consisted of 56 outcomes potentially relevant for IPF/PFF care that were identified through a scoping review, a survey with healthcare professionals and patient-led focus groups with patients and caregivers. The importance of each outcome for IPF/PPF care was scored on a 9-point Likert scale. After each round, outcomes were removed if not deemed critically important by all stakeholder groups, using predefined criteria. Afterwards, a multi-stakeholder consensus workshop was held to endorse the included outcomes and discuss and vote on those without consensus.

Results:

The three rounds involved 110, 78 and 66 participants from 14 European countries (one third being patients and caregivers). 14 stakeholders contributed to the consensus workshop. The final COS consists of 17 outcomes: acute exacerbation, breathlessness, complications and side-effects of the treatment, cough, exercise capacity, lung function, nutritional status, physical activity, activities of daily living, being knowledgeable about the disease, capability to do activities you enjoy, coping with the disease, feelings of anxiety, life satisfaction, loss of independence, satisfaction with care and treatment adherence.

Conclusions:

This COS is recommended for use in clinical IPF/PPF care, but will also guide future intervention research.

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