HMPV Virus Outbreak: First Review in Literature

Human metapneumovirus (HMPV), a pathogen within the Pneumoviridae family, is a notable contributor to respiratory tract infections worldwide. Identified in 2001, HMPV predominantly affects young children, the elderly, and individuals with compromised immune systems. The virus exhibits seasonal patterns, with infection rates typically increasing during late winter and spring. The virus spreads through respiratory droplets, leading to symptoms ranging from mild upper respiratory tract infections to severe lower respiratory illnesses such as bronchiolitis and pneumonia. Recent surges in HMPV cases, notably the 2024-2025 outbreak in China, have underscored the importance of understanding its epidemiology, transmission mechanisms, and clinical impact. Despite its clinical significance, there are currently no specific antiviral treatments or vaccines available for HMPV, making prevention strategies and supportive care essential components of management. This review provides a comprehensive overview of HMPV, including its virology, epidemiology, clinical manifestations, diagnostic methods, treatment options, and preventive measures, with a focus on recent outbreaks and their implications for public health.