Exploring Alternative Fluoride Agents for Dental Caries Prevention: A Systematic Review

Area of Science:

• Dentistry
• Biomaterials

Background:

• Dental caries is a significant global health issue.
• Exploration of alternative fluoride agents is crucial for effective prevention and management.

Purpose of the Study:

• To systematically review and evaluate the efficacy of nano-silver fluoride (NSF), silver diamine fluoride (SDF), titanium tetrafluoride (TiF4), and sodium fluoride varnish (NaF) in preventing and arresting dental caries.

Main Methods:

• A systematic literature search was performed across PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science (2010-2024).
• Included studies were randomized controlled trials, clinical studies, and in vitro investigations.
• Data extraction focused on caries arrest rates, enamel remineralization, biofilm inhibition, and adverse effects.

Main Results:

• NSF improved enamel microhardness and reduced microleakage without staining.
• SDF demonstrated high caries arrest rates (95-98%) but resulted in black staining.
• TiF4 enhanced acid resistance and reduced biofilm activity, surpassing NaF in certain applications.
• NaF is cost-effective but less effective for advanced caries compared to SDF and NSF.

Conclusions:

• Alternative fluoride agents like NSF and TiF4 present promising alternatives to traditional fluoride treatments for caries management.
• Further clinical research is necessary to confirm these findings and support wider clinical adoption.