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Single-Strand DNA Binding Proteins01:03

Single-Strand DNA Binding Proteins

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For successful DNA replication, the unwinding of double-stranded DNA must be accompanied by stabilization and protection of the separated single strands of the DNA. This crucial task is performed by single-strand DNA-binding (SSB) proteins. They bind to the DNA in a sequence-independent manner, which means that the nitrogenous bases of the DNA need not be present in a specific order for binding of SSB proteins to it. The binding of SSB proteins straightens single-stranded DNA (ssDNA) and makes...
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Structure basis for single-strand nucleic acid targeting by IscB and variants.

Chengtao Xu1, Qi Yang1, Xiaolin Niu1

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IscB, an ancestor of CRISPR-Cas9, acts as an RNA editor. Structural studies reveal a conformational checkpoint mechanism that controls its nuclease activity, with mutations enhancing RNA-editing efficiency.

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Area of Science:

  • Molecular Biology
  • Structural Biology
  • Biochemistry

Background:

  • CRISPR-Cas9 technology is derived from the transposon-encoded IscB.
  • Engineered IscB and Cas9 serve as RNA editors by modifying their DNA-binding domains.
  • Understanding IscB's mechanism is crucial for advancing RNA editing tools.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To elucidate the mechanistic underpinnings of IscB's RNA-editing function.
  • To determine the structural basis for IscB's target recognition and cleavage.
  • To identify strategies for enhancing IscB's RNA-targeting efficiency.

Main Methods:

  • Cryo-electron microscopy (cryo-EM) to determine structures of IscB-ssNA complexes.
  • Structural analysis to understand conformational changes and nuclease activity.
  • Site-directed mutagenesis to probe IscB function and improve efficiency.

Main Results:

  • Four cryo-EM structures reveal IscB's interaction with single-stranded nucleic acid (ssNA) targets.
  • A conformational checkpoint involving the HNH nuclease domain regulates target cleavage.
  • Mutations enhancing ssNA binding or relieving the checkpoint significantly improved RNA-targeting efficiency.

Conclusions:

  • IscB employs a conformational checkpoint mechanism for ssNA targeting and cleavage.
  • Structural insights guide the engineering of improved IscB-based RNA editors.
  • This work provides a foundation for developing more precise and efficient RNA editing technologies.