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Blinding01:11

Blinding

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Blinding is a commonly used method of not telling participants which treatment a subject is receiving. Blinding is a critical part of a randomized control trial or RCT. It reduces the bias that affects the results. In an RCT, blinding is used in the form of a placebo. A placebo effect occurs when untreated subjects falsely believe they have received the treatment and report improved symptoms. A placebo or a dummy treatment is administered to subjects to negate the bias caused by such an effect.
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Mar 19, 2026

Iterative Development of an Innovative Smartphone-Based Dietary Assessment Tool: Traqq
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Smart Blister System with and without Mobile App Support: A Randomized Controlled Usability Trial.

Amber A Eikholt1, Amy H Y Chan2, Job F M Van Boven1,3

  • 1Department of Clinical Pharmacy & Pharmacology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands.

Patient Preference and Adherence
|March 18, 2026
PubMed
Summary

Smart pill packaging improves medication adherence, especially with a mobile app. This technology offers a feasible solution for better long-term disease management and patient support.

Keywords:
digital healthmHealthmedication adherencemobile appsmart packagingusability

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Area of Science:

  • Digital Health
  • Medication Adherence Technology
  • Health Informatics

Background:

  • Medication non-adherence is a significant obstacle to effective chronic disease management.
  • Smart packaging offers innovative digital solutions for monitoring and improving patient adherence.
  • Previous research indicates a need for user-friendly adherence monitoring tools.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To evaluate the usability and feasibility of a smart blister pack (Cerepak®) for medication adherence monitoring.
  • To compare adherence monitoring with and without a companion mobile application (MEMS® Mobile).
  • To assess user experience and identify barriers and facilitators for smart packaging adoption.

Main Methods:

  • A randomized controlled trial involving 36 healthy adults over eight weeks.
  • Participants used the smart blister pack with (intervention) or without (control) a mobile app, simulating twice-daily medication intake.
  • Usability was measured using the System Usability Scale (SUS) and user experience surveys, supplemented by semi-structured interviews and electronic/pill count adherence data.

Main Results:

  • The intervention group using the smart blister pack with the mobile app reported significantly higher usability scores (median SUS: 80.0) compared to the control group (67.5; p = 0.0007).
  • Participants found the app's features beneficial for structure, motivation, and ease of use, despite some technical challenges.
  • Electronic adherence rates were 91.7% (app group) vs. 86.2% (non-app group), and pill count adherence was 96.4% vs. 88.0%, respectively, with no statistically significant difference observed between groups.

Conclusions:

  • The smart blister pack, especially when combined with a mobile app, demonstrates high usability and feasibility for daily medication management and adherence tracking.
  • Findings support the potential of this smart packaging technology for improving medication adherence in clinical settings.
  • Further research in patient populations and long-term implementation studies is warranted to validate these promising results.