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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Mar 19, 2026

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Distinct Biotypes of Visual Perception in Major Depressive Disorder.

Zhuoran Cai1,2, Xi-Wen Hu1, Yuyang Li3

  • 1School of Medicine, Affiliated Mental Health Center & Hangzhou Seventh People's Hospital, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China.

Advanced Science (Weinheim, Baden-Wurttemberg, Germany)
|March 18, 2026
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

This study identifies a major depressive disorder (MDD) subgroup with impaired visual motion perception (VMP). This VMP-positive biotype shows cognitive deficits and distinct occipital cortex activity, aiding MDD subtyping.

Keywords:
biotypemachine learning clusteringmajor depressive disorderoccipital cortexvisual motion perception

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Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Psychiatry
  • Computational Biology

Background:

  • Major depressive disorder (MDD) is linked to visual motion perception (VMP) and occipital cortex abnormalities.
  • Clinical identification of MDD subgroups remains challenging.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To develop a novel framework for identifying MDD subgroups using visual perception and machine learning.
  • To investigate the clinical and neural characteristics of identified MDD subgroups.

Main Methods:

  • A cohort of 272 individuals with acute MDD was analyzed.
  • A novel analytical framework combined visual perceptual measurements with machine learning clustering.
  • 7T MRI was used to investigate neural activity.

Main Results:

  • A VMP-positive (VMP-P) biotype of MDD was identified, characterized by impaired VMP.
  • The VMP-P biotype exhibited significant cognitive deficits.
  • Aberrant occipital cortex activity was implicated in the VMP-P biotype, validated in an independent sample.

Conclusions:

  • Visual perception markers can identify distinct MDD subgroups.
  • The VMP-P biotype offers a clinically translatable approach for MDD stratification.
  • Findings advance precision medicine for MDD treatment development.