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Updated: Mar 19, 2026

Synthesis of pH Dependent Pyrazole, Imidazole, and Isoindolone Dipyrrinone Fluorophores using a Claisen-Schmidt Condensation Approach

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Published on: June 10, 2021

Pyrazole-Protected Heteronuclear Rare-Earth Boron-Oxo Cluster Cage With Tunable Luminescence.

Jiang-Hong Fu^1,2, Pan-Pan Zhao^1,2, Xiang-Ming Zhang^1,2

¹State Key Laboratory of Structural Chemistry, Fujian Institute of Research on the Structure of Matter, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Fuzhou, Fujian, P. R. China.

Small (Weinheim an Der Bergstrasse, Germany)

|March 18, 2026

Summary

Researchers synthesized novel rare-earth boron-oxo clusters (BOCs) with tunable structures and photoluminescence. These advanced materials offer new pathways for designing next-generation luminescent functional materials.

Keywords:

crystal heteronuclear cluster photoluminescence rare‐earth boron‐oxo cluster synthetic chemistry

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Design, Synthesis, and Photochemical Properties of Clickable Caged Compounds

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Area of Science:

Inorganic Chemistry
Materials Science
Nanotechnology

Background:

Rare-earth boron-oxo clusters (BOCs) integrate diverse borate structures with unique rare-earth ion properties.
These materials are promising for developing advanced functional materials with tailored characteristics.

Purpose of the Study:

To synthesize and characterize novel heteronuclear rare-earth boron-oxo clusters.
To investigate the structural evolution and photoluminescence mechanisms of these clusters.
To establish design principles for next-generation luminescent materials.

Main Methods:

Synthesis of heteronuclear rare-earth boron-oxo clusters (BOC-9, BOC-10, BOC-11) using varying boron sources and rare-earth salts.
Structural characterization through X-ray diffraction and spectroscopic methods (e.g., ESI-MS).
Photoluminescence spectroscopy to elucidate emission mechanisms.

Main Results:

Successful synthesis of discrete and 2D rare-earth boron-oxo clusters with varying structures.
Demonstrated a stability gradient correlated with organic ligands and structural dimensionality.
Identified two distinct photoluminescence mechanisms: f-f transitions sensitized by LMCT in Dy3+-based BOCs and ligand-to-boron charge transfer in Y3+-based BOCs.
ESI-MS provided insights into dynamic B-N bond cleavage and structural rearrangements.

Conclusions:

Established a correlation between structural dimensionality, ligand incorporation, and cluster stability.
Uncovered distinct photoluminescence pathways in rare-earth boron-oxo clusters based on the rare-earth ion.
Provided a framework for designing novel luminescent materials based on rare-earth boron-oxo clusters.