Search research articles

ABOUT JoVE

Overview Leadership Blog JoVE Help Center

AUTHORS

Publishing Process Editorial Board Scope & Policies Peer Review FAQ Submit

LIBRARIANS

Testimonials Subscriptions Access Resources Library Advisory Board FAQ

RESEARCH

JoVE Journal Methods Collections JoVE Encyclopedia of Experiments Archive

EDUCATION

JoVE Core JoVE Business JoVE Science Education JoVE Lab Manual Faculty Resource Center Faculty Site

Terms & Conditions of Use

Related Concept Videos

Genome Size and the Evolution of New Genes

Genome Size and the Evolution of New Genes

Genome Size and the Evolution of New Genes

Genome Size and the Evolution of New Genes

While every living organism has a genome of some kind (be it RNA, or DNA), there is considerable variation in the sizes of these blueprints. One major factor that impacts genome size is whether the organism is prokaryotic or eukaryotic. In prokaryotes, the genome contains little to no non-coding sequence, such that genes are tightly clustered in groups or operons sequentially along the chromosome. Conversely, the genes in eukaryotes are punctuated by long stretches of non-coding sequence.

Evolutionary Relationships through Genome Comparisons

Evolutionary Relationships through Genome Comparisons

Genome comparison is one of the excellent ways to interpret the evolutionary relationships between organisms. The basic principle of genome comparison is that if two species share a common feature, it is likely encoded by the DNA sequence conserved between both species. The advent of genome sequencing technologies in the late 20th century enabled scientists to understand the concept of conservation of domains between species and helped them to deduce evolutionary relationships across diverse...

Multi-species Conserved Sequences

Multi-species Conserved Sequences

Next-generation sequencing technologies have created large genomic databases of a variety of animals and plants. Ever since the human genome project was completed, scientists studied the genome of primates, mammals, and other phylogenetically distant living beings. Such large-scale studies have provided new insights into the evolutionary relationship between organisms.
Although the genome of each species varies greatly from each other, a few sequences are highly conserved. Such conserved...

Gene Duplication and Divergence

Gene Duplication and Divergence

The seminal work of Ohno in 1970 popularized the idea of gene duplication and divergence. DNA sequence comparison studies reveal that a large portion of the genes in bacteria, archaebacteria, and eukaryotes was generated by gene duplication and divergence, indicating its critical role in evolution.
The duplicated copies of the gene are called Paralogs. Paralogs with similar sequences and functions form a gene family. Across several species, a large number of gene families are...

Genomic DNA in Eukaryotes

Genomic DNA in Eukaryotes

Eukaryotes have large genomes compared to prokaryotes. To fit their genomes into a cell, eukaryotic DNA is packaged extraordinarily tightly inside the nucleus. To achieve this, DNA is tightly wound around proteins called histones, which are packaged into nucleosomes that are joined by linker DNA and coil into chromatin fibers. Additional fibrous proteins further compact the chromatin, which is recognizable as chromosomes during certain phases of cell division.

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by

Same author

Integrated Histological, Ultrastructural, Lectin and Immunohistochemical Characterization of the Senegalese sole (<i>Solea senegalensis</i>) Olfactory Rosettes: From Premetamorphic Larvae to Adult Individuals.

Animals : an open access journal from MDPI·2026

Same author

Genomic Analysis of Inbreeding Depression on Productive Traits in Rubia Galega Beef Cattle Breed.

Journal of animal breeding and genetics = Zeitschrift fur Tierzuchtung und Zuchtungsbiologie·2025

Same author

Fine mapping and functional annotation of a QTL for resistance to tilapia lake virus in Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus).

G3 (Bethesda, Md.)·2025

Same author

Comparative Analysis of CRISPR/Cas9 Delivery Methods in Marine Teleost Cell Lines.

International journal of molecular sciences·2025

Same author

A cost-effective method for combining the power of genetic and epigenetic selection in animal production.

Environmental epigenetics·2025

Same author

Epigenomics of embryogenesis in turbot.

Genome research·2025

Search research articles

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Mar 19, 2026

Silencing the Spark: CRISPR/Cas9 Genome Editing in Weakly Electric Fish

Silencing the Spark: CRISPR/Cas9 Genome Editing in Weakly Electric Fish

Published on: October 27, 2019

Bony fish genomes: Status and gaps.

Noelia Pérez-Pereira¹, Carmen Bouza¹, Paulino Martínez¹

¹Departamento de Zoología, Genética y Antropología Física, Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela, Spain.

Journal of Fish Biology

|March 18, 2026

Summary

Bony fish genomes are rapidly increasing, with 1744 available, yet only covering 5% of species. Future efforts will fill phylogenetic gaps and advance evolutionary studies and aquaculture.

Keywords:

assembly quality bony fish comparative genomics genomes phylogeny

More Related Videos

Shifting Zebrafish Lethal Skeletal Mutant Penetrance by Progeny Testing

Shifting Zebrafish Lethal Skeletal Mutant Penetrance by Progeny Testing

Published on: September 1, 2017

Efficient Production and Identification of CRISPR/Cas9-generated Gene Knockouts in the Model System Danio rerio

Efficient Production and Identification of CRISPR/Cas9-generated Gene Knockouts in the Model System Danio rerio

Published on: August 28, 2018

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Mar 19, 2026

Silencing the Spark: CRISPR/Cas9 Genome Editing in Weakly Electric Fish

Silencing the Spark: CRISPR/Cas9 Genome Editing in Weakly Electric Fish

Published on: October 27, 2019

Shifting Zebrafish Lethal Skeletal Mutant Penetrance by Progeny Testing

Shifting Zebrafish Lethal Skeletal Mutant Penetrance by Progeny Testing

Published on: September 1, 2017

Efficient Production and Identification of CRISPR/Cas9-generated Gene Knockouts in the Model System Danio rerio

Efficient Production and Identification of CRISPR/Cas9-generated Gene Knockouts in the Model System Danio rerio

Published on: August 28, 2018

Area of Science:

Ichthyology
Genomics
Evolutionary Biology

Background:

Bony fish (Osteichthyes) represent over 95% of fish species and are crucial for aquaculture and fisheries.
Their adaptive radiation has led to immense taxonomic, morphological, and evolutionary diversity.
Genomic resources, especially high-quality reference genomes, are vital for deep biological and evolutionary research.

Purpose of the Study:

To review the current status of open-access bony fish genome assemblies.
To identify existing gaps in genomic representation across bony fish phylogeny.
To highlight the potential for future research and applications in aquaculture.

Main Methods:

Literature review and database mining of publicly available bony fish genome assemblies.
Phylogenetic analysis to assess coverage across recognized fish orders and families.
Examination of Sequence Read Archive data for underrepresented groups.

Main Results:

A significant increase in bony fish genome assemblies, with 1744 available, primarily in the last five years.
Genomic data covers 67 of 72 recognized orders and 268 of 514 families, representing approximately 5% of all described species.
Overrepresentation of genomes from orders like Cichliformes and Perciformes; gaps exist in five orders and 14 families, though sequencing data is often available.

Conclusions:

While bony fish genomic resources have expanded, substantial gaps remain in phylogenetic coverage.
Available high-throughput sequencing data offers opportunities to fill these gaps.
Future sequencing and assembly advancements will enhance evolutionary insights and support sustainable aquaculture.