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Exposure to Volatile Organic Compounds and Cardiovascular Diseases: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.

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Environmental pollution, specifically volatile organic compounds (VOCs), may increase cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk. While evidence suggests a link, further high-quality studies are needed to confirm the association between VOC exposure and cardiovascular outcomes.

Keywords:
VOCscardiovascular diseaseenvironmental exposuremortality

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Area of Science:

  • Environmental Health
  • Cardiovascular Research
  • Toxicology

Background:

  • Environmental pollution is a significant, yet often overlooked, factor contributing to cardiovascular disease (CVD).
  • Volatile organic compounds (VOCs) are widespread environmental pollutants with emerging links to adverse health outcomes.
  • Recent research suggests a potential role for VOC exposure in the development of CVD.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To systematically review and synthesize existing evidence on the association between volatile organic compound (VOC) exposure and cardiovascular outcomes.
  • To evaluate the strength and consistency of the evidence linking specific VOCs and general VOC mixtures to CVD and cardiovascular mortality.

Main Methods:

  • A systematic literature search was conducted across PubMed, Web of Science, and Scopus databases.
  • Included studies were ecological and observational, focusing on associations between VOC exposure and cardiovascular outcomes.
  • Qualitative synthesis and meta-analyses were performed, with sensitivity analyses to assess study influence.

Main Results:

  • Thirty-six studies were included, examining various VOCs and their impact on cardiovascular health.
  • Pooled estimates for VOC mixtures and specific compounds like benzene, toluene, ethylbenzene, and xylene showed trends toward increased CVD risk, though often imprecise or inconsistent.
  • Fixed-effect analyses indicated significant positive associations, contrasting with some random-effects findings, highlighting heterogeneity.

Conclusions:

  • Current evidence suggests a potential association between ambient and individual VOC exposures and an increased risk of CVD and cardiovascular death.
  • Significant heterogeneity in study findings, potential confounding factors, and limitations in exposure assessment necessitate cautious interpretation.
  • High-quality, prospective studies are crucial for a more definitive understanding of VOCs' impact on cardiovascular health.