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Summary

Higher surfactant concentrations accelerate nanoparticle self-assembly and phase separation, reducing bicontinuous interfacially jammed emulsion gel (bijel) formation time. This understanding is key for reproducible bijel synthesis and applications.

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Area of Science:

Materials Science
Colloid and Surface Chemistry

Background:

Bicontinuous interfacially jammed emulsion gels (bijels) are stabilized by nanoparticle-surfactant systems.
Reproducibility challenges arise from the dynamic nature of surfactant adsorption during kinetic formation.

Purpose of the Study:

Investigate the formation dynamics of bijels using solvent transfer-induced phase separation (STrIPS).
Elucidate the influence of surfactant concentration on bijel formation kinetics and structure.

Main Methods:

In situ (ultra)small-angle X-ray scattering
Ex situ confocal microscopy
Theoretical modeling of particle interactions

Main Results:

Increased cetyltrimethylammonium bromide (CTAB) concentration accelerated liquid-liquid phase separation and nanoparticle self-assembly.
Bijel formation time decreased from 600 to 250 ms with higher CTAB.
Particle rearrangement/disassembly observed during phase separation, dependent on CTAB concentration.

Conclusions:

Surfactant concentration critically affects bijel formation kinetics and structure.
Understanding formation dynamics is essential for controlling bijel morphology and reproducibility.
Insights advance biosynthesis applications in catalysis and energy storage.