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P-N junction

P-N junction

A p-n junction is formed when p-type and n-type semiconductor materials are joined together. At the interface of the p-n junction, holes from the p-side and electrons from the n-side begin to diffuse into the opposite sides due to the concentration gradient. This diffusion of carriers leads to a region around the junction where there are no free charge carriers, known as the depletion region. The charge density within the depletion region for the n-side and p-side can be described by the...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Mar 19, 2026

Niobium Oxide Films Deposited by Reactive Sputtering: Effect of Oxygen Flow Rate

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Published on: September 28, 2019

Droplet-like Na/Vacancy Ordering Enables Ultrahigh-Na-Content P2-Type Oxide Cathodes.

Junteng Jin¹, Tianhao Wang¹, Xudong Zhao^2,3

¹Institute for Advanced Materials and Technology, State Key Laboratory for Advanced Metals and Materials, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing 100083, China.

Journal of the American Chemical Society

|March 18, 2026

Summary

This summary is machine-generated.

Researchers developed an ultrahigh sodium (Na)-content P2-cathode material for sodium-ion batteries (SIBs). This novel structure enhances stability and performance in full cells by acting as a self-sacrificial sodium reservoir.

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Last Updated: Mar 19, 2026

Niobium Oxide Films Deposited by Reactive Sputtering: Effect of Oxygen Flow Rate

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Published on: September 28, 2019

Atomically Defined Templates for Epitaxial Growth of Complex Oxide Thin Films

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Published on: December 4, 2014

Characterization of Electrode Materials for Lithium Ion and Sodium Ion Batteries Using Synchrotron Radiation Techniques

Characterization of Electrode Materials for Lithium Ion and Sodium Ion Batteries Using Synchrotron Radiation Techniques

Published on: November 11, 2013

Area of Science:

Materials Science
Electrochemistry
Solid-State Chemistry

Background:

Layered P2-type transition-metal oxides are key cathode materials for sodium-ion batteries (SIBs) due to high capacity and Na+ diffusion.
However, Na deficiency in these materials leads to high-voltage phase transitions, limiting active Na+ ions and hindering practical SIB applications.

Purpose of the Study:

To engineer a P2-type cathode with ultrahigh Na content to overcome limitations in SIBs.
To investigate the effect of Na/vacancy ordering on the P2 framework stability and electrochemical performance.

Main Methods:

Synthesis of P2-Na0.91Ni0.18Cu0.08Mn0.74O2 (H-Ni0.18) with a unique "droplet-like" Na/vacancy ordering.
Systematic characterization using synchrotron X-ray techniques, neutron diffraction, and theoretical computations.
Electrochemical testing in half-cells and full cells (H-Ni0.18//hard carbon).

Main Results:

Achieved an ultrahigh Na content of 0.91 in the P2-cathode material (H-Ni0.18).
Demonstrated stabilized P2 framework via Na-layer superstructure ordering, minimizing Na+ repulsion and system energy.
Exhibited pure solid-solution reaction behavior (2.0-4.3 V) and excellent cycling stability in half-cells.
The H-Ni0.18 cathode acted as a self-sacrificial Na reservoir in full cells, achieving 82.8% capacity retention after 150 cycles.

Conclusions:

The "droplet-like" Na/vacancy ordering is crucial for stabilizing ultrahigh Na content in P2 cathodes.
This strategy provides a new design paradigm for high-performance SIB cathode materials.
Ultrahigh Na content cathodes can serve as intrinsic Na reservoirs, improving full-cell performance.