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A practical, adaptive compliance management framework for improving marine protected area effectiveness.

B Bergseth1, C Moltzen2,3, A Arias4

  • 1College of Arts, Society and Education, James Cook University, Townsville, Queensland, Australia.

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|March 18, 2026
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Marine protected areas (MPAs) face compliance challenges. A new adaptive management framework offers a proactive, people-centric approach beyond solely relying on enforcement to improve MPA effectiveness.

Keywords:
adaptive managementbehavior changebehavioral driverscambio conductualcumplimientoenforcementfactores conductualesgestión adaptativaillegal fishingintervencionesinterventionspesca ilegal

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Area of Science:

  • Marine Conservation
  • Environmental Management
  • Behavioral Science

Background:

  • Noncompliance frequently compromises the effectiveness of Marine Protected Areas (MPAs) globally.
  • Existing solutions often focus on increased enforcement, which is reactive and insufficient for addressing the complex, human-centric nature of compliance issues.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To introduce a novel adaptive management framework for enhancing compliance within MPAs.
  • To provide a structured, holistic approach for understanding and managing compliance behaviors.

Main Methods:

  • Development of a 6-element adaptive management framework: regulatory basis, situational assessment, data collation, risk assessment, compliance treatments, and monitoring.
  • Integration of these elements to enable comprehensive compliance management.
  • Application of diverse interventions, including normative approaches, strategic communications, and risk-based enforcement.

Main Results:

  • The framework facilitates a holistic understanding and management of MPA compliance behaviors.
  • Tailoring framework elements to specific contexts allows for cost-effective, proactive, and adaptive resource deployment.
  • Demonstrates the potential for improved MPA effectiveness through integrated compliance strategies.

Conclusions:

  • Compliance in MPAs is a people-centric issue requiring proactive, adaptive strategies beyond traditional enforcement.
  • The proposed framework offers a structured and adaptable method for managing compliance effectively.
  • Context-specific application of the framework optimizes the strategic use of limited management resources for improved MPA outcomes.