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A Population-Based Family Clustering Study of Body Dysmorphic Disorder.

Josep Pol-Fuster1, Lorena Fernández de la Cruz1, Daniel Rautio2

  • 1Centre for Psychiatry Research, Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet & Stockholm Health Care Services, Region Stockholm, Stockholm, Sweden.

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Summary

Body dysmorphic disorder (BDD) is a familial psychiatric condition. This study found that relatives of individuals with BDD have a significantly higher risk of developing BDD, suggesting a genetic component.

Keywords:
AggregationBody dysmorphic disorderFamilial riskFamily studyRegister-based study.

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Area of Science:

  • Psychiatry
  • Genetics
  • Public Health

Background:

  • Body dysmorphic disorder (BDD) is a severe psychiatric condition with unknown causes.
  • Previous research suggests BDD may run in families, but direct family studies are lacking.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the familial nature of Body Dysmorphic Disorder (BDD).
  • To determine if genetic relatedness influences BDD risk.

Main Methods:

  • A large cohort of Swedish individuals born between 1960-2008 was analyzed.
  • Risk of BDD was compared between relatives of BDD patients and controls using Cox regression models.

Main Results:

  • Relatives of individuals with BDD showed an increased risk for the disorder.
  • Full siblings had the highest risk (HR, 16.2), followed by half-siblings (HR, 7.8) and cousins (HR, 2.8).
  • A clear gradient of risk was observed based on the degree of genetic relatedness.

Conclusions:

  • BDD is a familial disorder.
  • Genetic factors likely play a significant role in the etiology of BDD.