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Related Concept Videos

Ischemic Stroke l: Introduction01:15

Ischemic Stroke l: Introduction

Ischemic stroke is an acute cerebrovascular condition in which blood flow to a brain region is suddenly interrupted, leading to tissue infarction. Neurons depend on continuous oxygen and glucose supply, so even brief reductions in perfusion cause energy failure, ionic imbalance, and irreversible injury. Ischemic strokes are classified into thrombotic and embolic types based on their underlying mechanisms.Thrombotic MechanismsThrombotic stroke develops when a clot forms within a cerebral artery.
Ischemic Stroke ll: Pathophysiology01:15

Ischemic Stroke ll: Pathophysiology

An ischemic stroke occurs when a cerebral blood vessel becomes obstructed, most often by a thrombus or embolus, interrupting the delivery of oxygen and glucose to brain tissue. Because neurons rely on continuous aerobic metabolism, energy failure begins within minutes of reduced perfusion. The region receiving the least blood flow becomes the infarct core, an area of irreversible cellular death. Surrounding this core lies the penumbra, a zone of hypoperfused but still viable tissue that is...
Transient Ischemic Attack l: Introduction01:26

Transient Ischemic Attack l: Introduction

A transient ischemic attack (TIA) is a brief episode of neurological dysfunction caused by a temporary, focal reduction in cerebral blood flow. Although symptoms resemble those of an ischemic stroke, the interruption in perfusion is short-lived and does not cause permanent infarction. TIAs are clinically important because they often serve as early warning events for future stroke.Mechanisms of Transient Cerebral IschemiaTransient cerebral ischemia may arise through several mechanisms. One...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 30, 2026

Bilateral Common Carotid Artery Occlusion as an Adequate Preconditioning Stimulus to Induce Early Ischemic Tolerance to Focal Cerebral Ischemia
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Remote Ischemic Conditioning for Acute Ischemic Stroke: The RICAIS Randomized Clinical Trial.

Kazuo Kitagawa1,2, Kentaro Ishizuka1, Ryosuke Doijiri3

  • 1Department of Neurology, Tokyo Women's Medical University.

Journal of Atherosclerosis and Thrombosis
|March 18, 2026
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Remote ischemic conditioning (RIC) did not improve functional outcomes in acute ischemic stroke patients within 48 hours of onset. This study, though potentially underpowered, suggests RIC may not be an effective neuroprotective treatment for stroke.

Keywords:
Brain protectionIschemic strokeRandomized controlled trialRemote ischemic conditioning

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Area of Science:

  • Neurology
  • Cardiovascular Research
  • Ischemic Stroke Research

Background:

  • Preclinical studies suggest remote ischemic conditioning (RIC) offers neuroprotection.
  • Clinical evidence for RIC's efficacy in acute ischemic stroke remains inconsistent.
  • This study investigates RIC's effect on acute ischemic stroke, considering baseline severity.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To evaluate the neuroprotective effect of remote ischemic conditioning (RIC) in patients with acute ischemic stroke.
  • To assess if RIC improves functional outcomes at 90 days post-stroke.
  • To analyze RIC's efficacy based on the baseline severity of ischemic stroke.

Main Methods:

  • 79 patients with ischemic stroke (NIHSS 5-20) were randomized into RIC (n=43) and control (n=36) groups.
  • RIC involved 4 cycles of 5-min cuff inflation/deflation daily for at least 3 days.
  • Functional outcome was assessed at 90 days using modified Rankin Scale, with severity-based outcome definitions.

Main Results:

  • No significant difference in good functional outcomes (modified Rankin Scale 0-3) was observed between RIC (16.3%) and control (22.2%) groups (OR, 0.73; P=0.502).
  • Incidences of major adverse cardiovascular events, aspiration pneumonia, and serious adverse events were comparable between groups.
  • The study may have been underpowered to detect a significant treatment effect.

Conclusions:

  • Remote ischemic conditioning initiated within 48 hours of stroke onset did not demonstrate a significant benefit for functional outcomes in acute ischemic stroke.
  • Further research may be needed to clarify RIC's role, potentially with larger, powered studies.
  • Current findings suggest RIC is not a proven intervention for improving outcomes in acute ischemic stroke.