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Related Concept Videos

Olefin Metathesis Polymerization: Ring-Opening Metathesis Polymerization (ROMP)01:16

Olefin Metathesis Polymerization: Ring-Opening Metathesis Polymerization (ROMP)

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Ring-opening metathesis polymerization or ROMP involves strained cycloalkenes as starting materials. The mechanism of ROMP proceeds by reacting cycloalkene with Grubbs catalyst to give metallacyclobutane intermediate which undergoes a ring-opening reaction to form new carbene. The new carbene reacts with another molecule of cycloalkene. Repetition of these steps leads to the formation of an unsaturated open-chain polymer product. All these steps are reversible, however, relieving the ring...
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Olefin Metathesis Polymerization: Overview01:13

Olefin Metathesis Polymerization: Overview

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Recently, the development of olefin metathesis polymerization advanced the field of polymer synthesis. Simply put, the reorganization of substituents on their double bonds between two olefins in the presence of a catalyst is known as the olefin metathesis reaction. The use of metathesis reaction for polymer synthesis is called olefin metathesis polymerization.
Ruthenium-based Grubbs catalyst is the most commonly used catalyst for olefin metathesis polymerization. Grubbs catalyst consists of a...
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Olefin Metathesis Polymerization: Acyclic Diene Metathesis (ADMET)00:53

Olefin Metathesis Polymerization: Acyclic Diene Metathesis (ADMET)

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Acyclic diene metathesis polymerization or ADMET polymerization involves cross-metathesis of terminal dienes, such as 1,8-nonadiene, to give linear unsaturated polymer and ethylene. As ADMET is a reversible process, the formed ethylene gas must be removed from the reaction mixture to complete the polymerization process.
Similar to cross-metathesis, ADMET also involves the formation of metallacyclobutane intermediate by [2+2] cycloaddition of one of the double bonds of a terminal diene with...
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Cationic Chain-Growth Polymerization: Mechanism00:57

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The cationic polymerization mechanism consists of three steps: initiation, propagation, and termination. In the initiation step of the polymerization process, the π bond of a monomer gets protonated by the Lewis acid catalyst, which is formed from boron trifluoride and water. The protonation of the π bond generates a carbocation stabilized by the electron‐donating group. In the propagation step, the π bond of the second monomer acts as a nucleophile and attacks the...
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Free-Radical Chain Reaction and Polymerization of Alkenes02:35

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The conversion of alkenes to macromolecules called polymers is a reaction of high commercial importance. The structure of the polymer is defined by a repeating unit, while the terminal groups are considered insignificant. The average degree of polymerization represents the number of repeating units in the polymer molecule and is denoted by the subscript n.
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Radical Chain-Growth Polymerization: Chain Branching01:17

Radical Chain-Growth Polymerization: Chain Branching

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The skeletal structure of polymers synthesized via radical polymerization is always branched. For example, the polymerization of ethylene by radical polymerization results in a low-density grade of polyethylene with a heavily branched skeletal structure. Here, the radical site abstracts hydrogen from the growing chain, and the radical site shifts from the end (a primary carbon center) to anywhere within the growing chain (a secondary carbon center). Consequently, the part of the chain from the...
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C6-ROMP Enabled by Structure-Guided Monomer Design for Chemically Recyclable Polymers.

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Researchers developed a new monomer design for cyclohexene to enable ring-opening metathesis polymerization (ROMP). This approach enhances polymerizability and allows for closed-loop recycling of functional polymers.

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Area of Science:

  • Polymer Chemistry
  • Materials Science
  • Sustainable Chemistry

Background:

  • Cyclohexene's low ring strain energy hinders ring-opening metathesis polymerization (ROMP).
  • Developing efficient and recyclable polymers from cyclohexene remains a significant challenge.
  • Existing methods often lack control over polymerization and recyclability.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To design cyclohexene-derived monomers with enhanced polymerizability for ROMP.
  • To enable closed-loop recycling of the resulting functional polymers.
  • To establish design principles for sustainable polymers with tunable properties.

Main Methods:

  • Rational monomer design incorporating fused five-membered heterocycles (carbonate, carbamate, acetal, silyl ether, boronic ester).
  • Density functional theory (DFT) calculations to analyze monomer conformation and ring strain.
  • Experimental thermodynamic analyses to determine ethenolysis ring strain energy (ERSE) and depolymerization efficiency.

Main Results:

  • Identified an ERSE threshold of ~4.3 kcal/mol for effective ROMP under mild conditions.
  • Demonstrated that substituent flexibility significantly impacts depolymerization temperature and efficiency.
  • Synthesized polymers with tunable glass transition temperatures (-42 to 120°C) and efficient depolymerization.

Conclusions:

  • Adaptive ring strain modulation via fused heterocycles successfully enhances cyclohexene polymerizability.
  • The developed framework enables the creation of sustainable functional polymers with predictable reactivity.
  • This study offers practical design guidelines for recyclable ROMP polymers.