Spatial heterogeneity of MDSCs mediated by ANXA1-FPRs signaling drives immune suppression in OSCC progression

Fengtian Li1,2,3, Yunwei Han4, Farong Ou5

  • 1School of Biosciences and Technology, Chengdu Medical College, Chengdu, China. lft549544593@live.com.

Nature Communications
|March 19, 2026
PubMed

Insights

Immunotherapy is limited in oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) due to an immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment. Targeting ANXA1-FPR2 signaling with myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSCs) can overcome resistance and improve treatment efficacy.

Area of Science:

  • Oncology
  • Immunology
  • Cancer Biology

Background:

  • Immunotherapy efficacy in oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) is hindered by an immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment.
  • The impact of intratumoral spatial heterogeneity on immune responses in OSCC is not well understood.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the cellular composition and spatial organization within OSCC.
  • To elucidate the role of spatial heterogeneity in immune suppression and therapeutic resistance in OSCC.

Main Methods:

  • Single-cell and spatial transcriptomics were utilized to analyze OSCC samples.
  • Cellular composition, spatial localization, and intercellular communication pathways were dissected.

Main Results:

  • CD8+ T cells were found to be spatially localized but functionally suppressed in late-stage OSCC.
  • Myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSCs) shifted from tumor core to marginal localization, interacting with CD8+ T cells in advanced stages.
  • ANXA1-FPR2 signaling was identified as a key mediator of tumor-MDSC communication, driving immune suppression.

Conclusions:

  • Spatial dynamics of MDSCs are critical regulators of immune suppression and immunotherapy resistance in OSCC.
  • Disrupting ANXA1-FPR2 signaling enhances the efficacy of immune checkpoint blockade therapy in OSCC models.
  • Targeting ANXA1-FPR2 signaling presents a promising strategy to improve immunotherapy outcomes in oral squamous cell carcinoma.