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Preserving thymus function in adults is key for health and longevity. Higher thymic health, measured by AI from scans, correlates with lower mortality and disease risk.

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Area of Science:

  • Immunology
  • Gerontology
  • Radiology

Background:

  • The thymus is crucial for T cell development in early life but involutes with age, often considered nonfunctional in adults.
  • This study challenges the notion of thymic non-functionality in adulthood, proposing its preservation is integral to health and longevity.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To develop a deep learning framework for quantifying thymic health from radiographic images.
  • To evaluate the association between thymic health and longevity, as well as the risk of age-associated diseases in adults.

Main Methods:

  • A deep learning framework was created to assess thymic health using routine radiographic images.
  • The framework was validated in two large prospective cohorts: the National Lung Screening Trial (NLST) and the Framingham Heart Study (FHS).
  • Associations with mortality, disease incidence, and lifestyle factors were analyzed after adjusting for relevant covariates.

Main Results:

  • Thymic health varied significantly across the adult population in both cohorts.
  • Higher thymic health was consistently linked to lower all-cause mortality, reduced lung cancer incidence, and lower cardiovascular mortality in the NLST cohort.
  • In the FHS cohort, higher thymic health was independently associated with reduced cardiovascular mortality.

Conclusions:

  • The thymus remains a functional organ in adults, playing a central role in immune-mediated aging and disease susceptibility.
  • Thymic health is associated with systemic inflammation, metabolic health, and modifiable lifestyle factors.
  • Preserving thymic function presents a potential target for interventions aimed at promoting healthy aging and longevity.