Advancing global malaria control: therapeutic strategies, drug discovery, and formulation innovations

Malaria continues to be a significant global health concern, in 2025, most cases occurring in the tropical and sub-tropical regions. This review highlights the ongoing challenges and recent progress in malaria control, focusing on drug resistance, treatment strategies, drug discovery, and formulation development. Each human malaria parasite presents distinct patterns of severity, latency, and relapse. High-risk groups, including young children, pregnant women, the elderly, and individuals with chronic illnesses, are particularly vulnerable due to compromised immunity. Although artemisinin-based combination therapies (ACTs) are the primary treatment, new drug regimens are urgently needed due to partially rising resistance towards Pfkelch13 mutations discussed in this review. Recent developments, including optimized artemisinin-based combinations and fixed-dose formulations, may contribute to strengthening treatment strategies in specific epidemiological settings. The Medicines for Malaria Venture (MMV) has contributed significantly to the drug pipeline, developing candidates like Z439, KAF156, MMV371, MMV055/167, INE963 and GSK701. Meanwhile, improvements in diagnostic tools from microscopy to PCR have enhanced detection and surveillance. Innovations in drug formulation are also improving drug stability, bioavailability, and patient compliance. Meanwhile, improvements in diagnostic tools from microscopy to PCR have enhanced detection and surveillance. These multifaceted advancements may support sustained malaria control efforts and complement broader eradication strategies. This review underscores the need for integrated, multidisciplinary strategies and opportunities to advance malaria eradication efforts globally.