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Thermal variability during development facilitates enduring physiological tolerance.

Melanie D Massey1, M Kate Fredericks2, Jeffrey A Hutchings1

  • 1Biology, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada.

Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London. Series B, Biological Sciences
|March 19, 2026
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Early life exposure to variable temperatures enhances adult zebrafish

Keywords:
acclimationdevelopmentdevelopmental plasticityhypoxia tolerancemetabolismphenotypic plasticitythermal tolerancethermal variability

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Area of Science:

  • Comparative Physiology
  • Aquatic Ecotoxicology
  • Developmental Biology

Background:

  • Aquatic organisms face physiological stress from hypoxia, warm temperatures, and thermal variability.
  • Phenotypic plasticity can modify stressor impacts, but long-term studies under realistic conditions are scarce.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the long-term effects of early developmental plasticity and later-life acclimation on zebrafish physiology under thermal variability.
  • To determine if developmental plasticity in response to thermal variability confers enduring benefits in adult traits.

Main Methods:

  • An eight-month experiment using zebrafish (Danio rerio) from fertilization to sexual maturity.
  • A factorial design exposed fish to diel thermal variability (27 ± 5°C) or constant optimal temperature (27°C).
  • Isolated effects of early ontogeny (0-29 dpf) and later acclimation (30+ dpf) on physiological traits.

Main Results:

  • Developmental plasticity to thermal variability improved adult thermal tolerance (CTmax), hypoxia tolerance (Pcrit), metabolic rates, and oxygen supply capacity.
  • Later-life acclimation to thermal variability only additively improved thermal tolerance.
  • Early developmental environment significantly modulated adult phenotypes.

Conclusions:

  • Early life thermal variability can induce beneficial, long-lasting physiological plasticity in adult zebrafish.
  • Understanding the impact of environmental variability across life stages is crucial for predicting organismal responses.
  • The early developmental environment is a key factor in shaping adult physiological resilience.