Artificial Intelligence in Type 1 Diabetes Management: A Scoping Review of Randomised Controlled Trials

Artificial intelligence is emerging in healthcare systems. In type 1 diabetes, AI-enabled tools are increasingly used to support nutrition assessment and insulin decision-making, yet their clinical utility and safety remain unclear.

The study aims to identify and map the evidence on the clinical utility of AI-based diabetes management tools in people with type 1 diabetes. We conducted a scoping review following PRISMA-ScR guidelines, searching PubMed, CINAHL and Web of Science up to January 2026 for eligible randomised controlled trials.

Our findings indicate that the evidence base is small and concentrated in high-income settings, with most trials assessing clinical utility using CGM outcomes and showing mixed improvements across interventions. No serious safety events were reported, but small sample sizes, short follow-up and inconsistent safety reporting limit confidence.

Future research should prioritise larger, longer-term real-world evaluations that use standardised safety endpoints and patient-centred outcomes, including in low- and middle-income countries to support equitable implementation.