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Association between periodontitis, leukoaraiosis and sTWEAK. A case-control study.

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Summary

Periodontitis, an oral inflammatory condition, is linked to leukoaraiosis (LA), a brain white matter disease. This study found periodontitis is associated with LA and may increase sTWEAK levels, a marker of inflammation.

Keywords:
cerebral small vessel diseaseleukoaraiosisneurologyperiodontitisrisksTWEAK

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Area of Science:

  • Neurology
  • Periodontology
  • Biochemistry

Background:

  • Periodontitis is increasingly linked to systemic diseases, with inflammation as a potential mediator.
  • Leukoaraiosis (LA) is a neurological condition affecting brain white matter.
  • The relationship between periodontitis and LA, and its impact on inflammatory markers, requires further investigation.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the association between periodontitis and the presence of leukoaraiosis (LA).
  • To explore the role of periodontitis in modulating serum levels of soluble fragment of tumor necrosis factor-like weak inducer of apoptosis (sTWEAK) in patients with LA.

Main Methods:

  • A nested case-control study was conducted with 70 LA patients and 140 controls.
  • Periodontal examinations, clinical data collection (socio-demographics, risk factors, BMI), and neuroimaging were performed.
  • Serum sTWEAK levels were measured using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay.

Main Results:

  • Periodontitis prevalence was significantly higher in LA patients (74.3%) compared to controls (32.1%).
  • Mean serum sTWEAK concentrations were significantly elevated in LA patients (247.5 pg/mL) versus controls (27.5 pg/mL).
  • Periodontitis was independently associated with LA presence (OR=6.3) and correlated with increased sTWEAK levels in LA cases.

Conclusions:

  • Periodontitis may be a contributing factor to the presence of leukoaraiosis.
  • The presence of periodontitis could lead to elevated serum sTWEAK levels in individuals with LA.