Gold Nanoparticles and Chitosan Nanoparticles: A Systematic Review

Gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) and chitosan nanoparticles (CNPs) have emerged as multifunctional nanomaterials in biomedical sciences, particularly in conservative and endodontic dentistry. Thei antimicrobial, biocompatible, and regenerative properties make them promising candidates for enhancing clinical outcomes. This systematic review aimed to evaluate and synthesize the current evidence on the application of AuNPs and CNPs in endodontics and conservative dentistry. A systematic literature search was performed using PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science databases up to April 2025. Studies focusing on the synthesis, characterization, and dental application of AuNPs and/or CNPs were included. After applying Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines, 10 studies were selected and analyzed qualitatively. Most studies demonstrated strong antimicrobial efficacy of chitosan-AuNP composites against biofilm-forming bacteria relevant to caries and endodontic infections. Some studies also highlighted enhanced sealing ability, siRNA delivery, drug release, and photothermal therapeutic applications. Several formulations showed high biocompatibility and regenerative potential. Gold and CNPs present significant promise in improving antimicrobial disinfection, restorative sealing, and regenerative outcomes in dentistry. However, further in vivo and clinical research is necessary to confirm their long-term safety and efficacy.