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Sustainable dye removal using fish scale-derived biosorbent: performance and mechanisms
Fatima Ezzahra Atmani1, Zouhair Jemali1, Safaa Adim2
1Laboratory of Environmental, Ecological and Agro-Industrial Engineering, Faculty of Science and Technologies, Sultan Moulay Slimane University, Beni Mellal, Morocco.
Frontiers in Chemistry
|March 19, 2026
Summary
Sardina pilchardus fish scales (SPFS) create a sustainable, low-cost biosorbent for efficient dye removal from wastewater. This reusable material shows high adsorption capacity and fast kinetics, making it promising for environmental applications.
Area of Science:
- Environmental Science
- Materials Science
- Chemical Engineering
Background:
- Wastewater remediation requires sustainable and cost-effective solutions.
- Dye contamination poses significant environmental and health risks.
- Developing novel biosorbents from waste materials is crucial for circular economy principles.
Purpose of the Study:
- To develop and characterize an efficient biosorbent from Sardina pilchardus fish scales (SPFS) for dye removal.
- To investigate the adsorption performance of SPFS for Methylene Blue (MB) and Congo Red (CR).
- To evaluate the kinetic, isotherm, thermodynamic, and regeneration properties of the SPFS biosorbent.
Main Methods:
- Physicochemical and morphological characterization of the SPFS biosorbent.
- Batch adsorption experiments to determine dye removal efficiency.
- Kinetic, isotherm, thermodynamic, and regeneration studies for MB and CR adsorption.
Main Results:
- SPFS exhibited a porous structure with functional groups suitable for adsorption.
- Equilibrium was reached within 30 minutes, following pseudo-second-order kinetics.
- Maximum adsorption capacities were 187.634 mg/g for CR and 129.694 mg/g for MB.
- Adsorption was spontaneous, exothermic, and favorable, with excellent regenerability over multiple cycles.
Conclusions:
- SPFS is a highly efficient, sustainable, and reusable biosorbent for removing MB and CR dyes.
- The Langmuir-Freundlich model best described the adsorption on the heterogeneous SPFS surface.
- Fish-scale-derived biosorbents show significant potential for industrial wastewater treatment applications.
