Changes in the Skin Microbiome Following Dermatological Procedures: A Scoping Review

The skin microbiome consists of bacteria, fungi, viruses, and mites, which play a crucial role in maintaining skin health and immune function. Imbalances in this microbial community, known as dysbiosis, are implicated in various dermatological conditions. While skincare products are known to influence the skin microbiome, the effects of dermatological procedures have not been extensively studied. Here, we perform a scoping review to outline the studies investigating the impacts of dermatological interventions on the skin microbiome. Phototherapy emerged as the most studied intervention, encompassing UV phototherapy, light therapy, laser therapy, and photodynamic therapy. Chemical interventions, such as chemical peels, micropigmentation, and debridement, have comparatively limited studies describing their impacts on the skin microbiome. To date, no studies have been done on a wide variety of common dermatological procedures such as cryotherapy, skin grafts, and dermabrasion, which may have stronger likelihoods of affecting the skin microbiome. This underscores the need for further research on the influences of dermatological procedures, especially chemical and physical interventions, on the skin microbiome. More comprehensive pre-clinical and clinical studies are essential not only for understanding the long-term consequences of these procedures, but also for optimizing patient outcomes in dermatological care.