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Antibody response induced by structural proteins from Triatoma virus as potential adjuvants in experimental
Aline Maria Vasconcelos Queiroz1,2, Annamairlla do Nascimento Oliveira1,2, Alzira Regina Silva de Deus1,2
1Postgraduate Programme in Pharmaceutical Sciences, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte, Natal, Brazil.
Introduction:
Virus-Like Particles (VLPs) are viral protein structures widely used as adjuvants in vaccine formulations due to their ability to stimulate the innate immune response, thereby contributing to the activation of adaptive immunity through the production of different IgG subclasses. The present study evaluated the adjuvant potential of recombinant structural proteins of the Triatoma virus VLPs (TrV-VLPs: VP1, VP2, and VP3) in experimental immunisation protocols for American Cutaneous Leishmaniasis and Chagas disease.
Methods:
BALB/c mice were immunised with native antigens of Leishmania amazonensis or chimeric recombinant antigens of Trypanosoma cruzi in association with different adjuvants, including aluminium hydroxide, incomplete Freund's adjuvant, and VPs structural proteins. The induction of specific antibodies (anti-L. amazonensis or anti-recombinant proteins of T. cruzi) was measured by ELISA to determine the IgG subclass profile.
Results And Discussion:
Immunisation with L. amazonensis antigens revealed that VPs preferentially induced IgG2b and IgG3 antibodies, whereas in experiments with T. cruzi antigens, IgG2b was predominant, accompanied by similar levels of IgG2a and IgG3, compared to lower IgG1 responses. These findings suggest that recombinant structural proteins of TrV-VLPs represent a promising adjuvant strategy capable of modulating humoral immune responses, offering potential applications in vaccine development against protozoan parasites such as Leishmania spp. and T. cruzi.
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