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Innervated Local Flap Reconstruction for Digital Soft Tissue Defects: A Systematic Review.

Ines Prasidha1, Joshua Xu2,3,4, Owen Ou Yang1

  • 1Department of Hand Surgery, Fairfield Hospital, Prairiewood, New South Wales, Australia.

ANZ Journal of Surgery
|March 19, 2026
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Restoring tactile sensation in fingertip reconstruction is crucial for hand function. Innervated flaps (IF) offer significantly better sensory outcomes than non-innervated flaps (NIF) in digital soft tissue reconstruction.

Keywords:
finger‐tip defectinnervated flapsensory recoverysystematic review

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Area of Science:

  • Plastic Surgery
  • Hand Surgery
  • Regenerative Medicine

Background:

  • Restoring tactile sensation is vital for optimal hand function after fingertip injuries.
  • Digital soft tissue defects often require reconstructive surgery.
  • The choice between innervated and non-innervated flaps impacts sensory recovery.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To systematically review and compare the sensory outcomes of innervated flaps (IF) versus non-innervated local flaps (NIF) in fingertip reconstruction.
  • To evaluate the effectiveness of neurorrhaphy in improving sensory results for digital soft tissue defects.

Main Methods:

  • Systematic literature search of PubMed, MEDLINE, Cochrane, and EMBASE databases.
  • Inclusion of English-language studies reporting sensibility outcomes in fingertip reconstruction.
  • Analysis of data from 11 studies encompassing 591 flaps published between 1983 and 2023.

Main Results:

  • Innervated flaps (IF) demonstrated significantly superior sensibility outcomes compared to non-innervated local flaps (NIF).
  • The data suggests a positive correlation between the inclusion of neurorrhaphy and improved sensory recovery in reconstructed fingertips.

Conclusions:

  • Innervated local flaps are recommended for fingertip reconstruction to achieve better tactile sensation.
  • Performing neurorrhaphy during local flap reconstruction is advised to enhance sensory outcomes in digital soft tissue defects.