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[Leptospirosis].

Louise Rønnau Ejrnæs1, Andreas Arnholdt Pedersen2,3,4, Frederikke Christina Knudtzen2,3,5

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Summary
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Severe leptospirosis in Denmark led to multi-organ failure in two patients. Prompt intensive care, including antibiotics, resulted in clinical improvement and discharge for both individuals.

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Area of Science:

  • Infectious Diseases
  • Nephrology
  • Critical Care Medicine

Background:

  • Leptospirosis is a zoonotic bacterial infection with potential for severe systemic complications.
  • Multi-organ failure is a critical manifestation of severe leptospirosis.
  • Geographic location of infection can influence pathogen strains and disease presentation.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To report two cases of severe leptospirosis with multi-organ failure in Denmark.
  • To highlight diagnostic methods and clinical management of severe leptospirosis.
  • To emphasize the importance of intensive care in managing life-threatening leptospirosis.

Main Methods:

  • Case report methodology.
  • Diagnostic confirmation using cerebrospinal fluid PCR and urine Leptospira testing.
  • Intensive care unit management including vasopressors and antibiotics.

Main Results:

  • Two patients presented with severe leptospirosis and multi-organ failure following infection in Denmark.
  • One patient developed cerebrospinal fluid abnormalities, while the other experienced cardiopulmonary failure.
  • Both patients showed clinical improvement with intensive medical intervention.

Conclusions:

  • Severe leptospirosis can lead to multi-organ failure, even in previously healthy individuals.
  • Early diagnosis and aggressive intensive care are crucial for favorable outcomes in severe leptospirosis.
  • This case series underscores the potential severity of leptospirosis in temperate regions like Denmark.