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Updated: Jul 19, 2026

Retinal Vascular Reactivity as Assessed by Optical Coherence Tomography Angiography

Retinal Vascular Reactivity as Assessed by Optical Coherence Tomography Angiography

Published on: March 26, 2020

Retinal Characteristics in Eyes With Retinal Vein Occlusion Using Widefield Swept-Source Optical Coherence Tomography

Johannes Iby¹, Judith Kreminger^1,2, Heiko Stino¹

¹Department of Ophthalmology and Optometry, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria.

Investigative Ophthalmology & Visual Science

|March 19, 2026

Summary

Widefield swept-source OCTA imaging reveals ghost vessels (GVs) and collateral vessels (CVs) as key indicators of non-perfusion areas (NPAs) in retinal vein occlusion (RVO). This technology aids in precise detection of vascular changes in RVO patients.

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Area of Science:

Ophthalmology
Medical Imaging
Vascular Biology

Background:

Retinal vein occlusion (RVO) is a significant cause of vision loss.
Understanding vascular alterations is crucial for managing RVO.
Non-perfusion areas (NPAs) are a key feature of RVO pathology.

Purpose of the Study:

To investigate vascular alterations in RVO using widefield swept-source optical coherence tomography angiography (WF-OCTA) and ultra-widefield color fundus photography (UWF-CF).
To determine the association between these vascular changes and non-perfusion areas (NPAs) in RVO.

Main Methods:

Eighty-one eyes with RVO underwent single-capture 65-degree WF-OCTA and UWF-CF imaging.
Retinal features including collateral vessels (CVs), ghost vessels (GVs), and NPAs were analyzed.
Correlations between NPA size and various retinal findings were assessed.

Main Results:

Non-perfusion areas (NPAs) were present in 69.1% of analyzed eyes.
Significant correlations were found between NPA size and collateral vessels (CVs) (P=0.002) and ghost vessels (GVs) (P<0.001).
Foveal avascular zone (FAZ) size correlated with best-corrected visual acuity (BCVA) (P<0.001).

Conclusions:

Ghost vessels (GVs) may indicate underlying NPAs in RVO.
For branch RVO (BRVO), CVs, intraretinal fluid (IRF), intraretinal hemorrhage (IRH), and crossing signs (CS) may indicate NPAs.
WF-OCTA provides precise, non-invasive detection of vascular alterations in RVO, serving as a valuable clinical tool.