OptoTAT reveals microtubule acetylation as a rapid trigger for GEF-H1-mediated cell migration

Microtubule acetylation is implicated in regulating cell motility, yet its physiological role in directional migration and the underlying molecular mechanisms have remained unclear. This knowledge gap has persisted primarily due to a lack of tools capable of rapidly manipulating microtubule acetylation in actively migrating cells. To overcome this limitation and elucidate the causal relationship between microtubule acetylation and cell migration, we developed a novel optogenetic actuator, optoTAT, which enables precise induction of microtubule acetylation within minutes in live cells. Implementing optoTAT in migration assays, we observed striking and rapid responses at both molecular and cellular levels. First, microtubule acetylation triggers release of the RhoA activator GEF-H1 from sequestration on microtubules. This release subsequently enhances actomyosin contractility and drives focal adhesion maturation. These subcellular processes collectively promote sustained directional migration. Our findings position GEF-H1 as a critical molecular responder to microtubule acetylation, enabling a dynamic crosstalk between the actin and microtubule cytoskeletal networks in the coordination of cellular motility.