Happiness as a bridge: Linking living standards to life satisfaction in Tehran's older population

This study explores the effect of living standards on life satisfaction, with happiness acting as a mediator, among elderly individuals in Tehran. The cross-sectional study included 150 participants aged 60 and older, selected through stratified random sampling in 2016. Participants were required to have sufficient cognitive abilities and willingness to complete the questionnaires. Data analysis was performed using independent t-tests, ANOVA, and structural equation modeling (SEM) in R software. The findings showed that 54% of participants were male, with an average age of 63,74 years, and most had a primary or middle school education. A significant relationship was found between education level and life satisfaction (p<0,001). Structural equation modeling revealed that happiness had a significant positive effect on life satisfaction (β=0,35; p<0,05). Additionally, living standards had a positive direct effect on both life satisfaction (β=0,46; p<0,001) and happiness (β=0,81; p<0,001). The study concludes that improving access to education, even later in life, can enhance life satisfaction among the elderly. Promoting social and recreational programs to boost happiness and strengthening economic support and living conditions are essential for improving well-being. Integrating these policies can provide a more supportive environment for aging populations. Involving elderly individuals in policymaking and aligning institutions with a strategy tailored to their needs can further improve their welfare.