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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Mar 21, 2026

Generalized Psychophysiological Interaction PPI Analysis of Memory Related Connectivity in Individuals at Genetic Risk for Alzheimer's Disease
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Meat Consumption and Cognitive Health by APOE Genotype.

Jakob Norgren1, Adrián Carballo-Casla2,3, Giulia Grande2,4

  • 1Division of Clinical Geriatrics, Department of Neurobiology, Care Sciences and Society, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.

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Higher meat consumption may benefit cognitive health in individuals with specific apolipoprotein E (APOE) genotypes (APOE34/44). This dietary pattern was linked to better cognitive trajectories and reduced dementia risk in this group.

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Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience and Nutrition
  • Genetics and Aging Research

Background:

  • The apolipoprotein E (APOE) ε4 allele is a significant risk factor for Alzheimer disease.
  • Personalized dietary strategies based on APOE genotype could enhance cognitive health and dementia prevention.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the association between meat consumption and cognitive health in individuals with APOE ε3/ε4 and ε4/ε4 (APOE34/44) genotypes.
  • To determine if this association differs across various APOE genotypes.

Main Methods:

  • Population-based cohort study (Swedish National Study on Aging and Care-Kungsholmen) with 15-year follow-up.
  • Assessed meat consumption (total and processed) using food frequency questionnaires.
  • Analyzed global cognitive trajectory and incident dementia using regression models and survival analysis, controlling for causal inference principles.

Main Results:

  • Higher total meat consumption was associated with better cognitive trajectories (β=0.32, P=.01) and reduced dementia risk (sHR=0.45, P=.04) in APOE34/44 individuals.
  • No significant associations were observed in individuals with other APOE genotypes (APOE22/23/24/33).
  • Higher processed meat ratio was unfavorably associated with dementia risk (sHR=1.14, P=.04), irrespective of APOE genotype.

Conclusions:

  • Increased meat consumption may offer cognitive benefits and reduce dementia risk specifically for individuals with APOE34/44 genotypes.
  • The findings suggest that dietary recommendations for cognitive health may need to be tailored to an individual's APOE genotype.