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Updated: Mar 21, 2026

Telomere Length and Telomerase Activity; A Yin and Yang of Cell Senescence
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Epitranscriptomic control of telomere maintenance.

Ehsan Pashay Ahi1,2, Zeinab Ghasemishahrestani3

  • 1Organismal and Evolutionary Biology Research Programme, Faculty of Biological and Environmental Sciences, University of Helsinki, Viikinkaari 9, Helsinki, 00014, Finland. ehsan.pashayahi@helsinki.fi.

Molecular Biology Reports
|March 19, 2026
PubMed
Summary

RNA modifications are crucial for telomere maintenance, influencing chromosome-end stability and telomerase function. This review explores epitranscriptomic regulation and its links to aging, cancer, and therapeutic strategies.

Keywords:
Alternative lengthening of telomeresEpitranscriptomicsRNA modificationsRNA:DNA hybridsTelomerase ribonucleoproteinTelomere maintenanceTelomeric repeat-containing RNA

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Area of Science:

  • Molecular Biology
  • Epigenetics
  • Genetics

Background:

  • Telomere maintenance traditionally focuses on DNA-protein interactions and chromatin.
  • A significant role for RNA chemistry in chromosome-end homeostasis is emerging.
  • Epitranscriptomic regulation offers a new perspective on telomere biology.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To integrate RNA modifications and epitranscriptomic systems into telomere maintenance.
  • To examine the epitranscriptomic regulation of telomerase ribonucleoprotein.
  • To discuss the role of modified telomeric transcripts (TERRA) in chromosome-end stability.

Main Methods:

  • Review of existing literature on RNA modifications and telomere biology.
  • Analysis of epitranscriptomic regulation of telomerase components (TERC).
  • Examination of modified telomeric transcripts (TERRA) and their functions.

Main Results:

  • RNA chemical marks reshape telomerase assembly, activity, and recruitment.
  • Modified TERRA transcripts influence stability, trafficking, and RNA:DNA hybrid formation.
  • Telomere factor mRNA modifications can rewire maintenance networks.

Conclusions:

  • Epitranscriptomic regulation is a key layer in telomere maintenance.
  • RNA modifications link telomere dysfunction to telomeropathies, aging, and cancer.
  • Future research should focus on site-resolved mapping and pharmacologic modulation for therapeutic applications.