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Resonance-Assisted Tetrel Bond.

Yaseen A Almehmadi1,2, Antonio Frontera3, Jamal Lasri1

  • 1Department of Chemistry, Rabigh College of Science and Arts, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia.

The Journal of Physical Chemistry. A
|March 19, 2026

View abstract on PubMed

Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Resonance-assisted tetrel bonds (RATtBs) are strengthened by π-electron conjugation in supramolecular rings. This study explores RATtBs in crystal structures, revealing tunable strength and directionality.

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Area of Science:

  • Supramolecular Chemistry
  • Crystallography
  • Computational Chemistry

Background:

  • Tetrel bonds (TtBs) are attractive interactions involving group 14 elements.
  • Resonance can significantly influence non-covalent interactions.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate resonance-assisted tetrel bonds (RATtBs).
  • To analyze the structural and electronic factors governing RATtB strength and directionality.

Main Methods:

  • Analysis of crystal structures from the Cambridge Structural Database (CSD).
  • Quantum theory of atoms in molecules (QTAIM) and natural bond orbital (NBO) calculations.

Main Results:

  • Identified and characterized several crystal structures featuring RATtBs.
  • Demonstrated that π-electron conjugation/delocalization within a supramolecular ring strengthens TtBs.
  • Showed that RATtB strength and directionality are tunable by varying atomic and substituent properties.
  • Found that interrupting conjugation significantly weakens the interaction.

    • Conclusions:

    • Resonance plays a crucial role in strengthening tetrel bonds, leading to RATtBs.
    • RATtBs exhibit enhanced directionality and shorter bond lengths compared to non-conjugated TtBs.
    • The findings provide insights into the design and control of non-covalent interactions in molecular systems.