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Related Concept Videos

Phase Transitions02:31

Phase Transitions

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Whether solid, liquid, or gas, a substance's state depends on the order and arrangement of its particles (atoms, molecules, or ions). Particles in the solid pack closely together, generally in a pattern. The particles vibrate about their fixed positions but do not move or squeeze past their neighbors. In liquids, although the particles are closely spaced, they are randomly arranged. The position of the particles are not fixed—that is, they are free to move past their neighbors to...
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A phase transition is the process in which a substance changes from one state of matter to another, like from a solid to a liquid, liquid to gas, or vice versa, at a specific temperature and under given pressure conditions. This change is spontaneous and is affected by alterations in temperature and pressure. These parameters impact the strength of the forces between molecules (intermolecular forces) in the substance.During a phase transition, both the initial and final phases of the substance...
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Some solids can transition directly into the gaseous state, bypassing the liquid state, via a process known as sublimation. At room temperature and standard pressure, a piece of dry ice (solid CO2) sublimes, appearing to gradually disappear without ever forming any liquid. Snow and ice sublimate at temperatures below the melting point of water, a slow process that may be accelerated by winds and the reduced atmospheric pressures at high altitudes. When solid iodine is warmed, the solid sublimes...
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Characterization of Full Set Material Constants and Their Temperature Dependence for Piezoelectric Materials Using Resonant Ultrasound Spectroscopy
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Continuous Phase Transition Enables Piezoelectric Thermal Stability in KNN-Based Multilayer Textured Ceramics.

Caixia Zhu1, Huirong Yang1, Jin Qian1

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Small (Weinheim an Der Bergstrasse, Germany)
|March 19, 2026
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Researchers developed multilayer piezoelectric ceramics with continuous phase transitions, achieving high piezoelectric coefficients and exceptional thermal stability. This breakthrough enhances piezoelectric materials for broad temperature applications.

Keywords:
piezoelectric ceramicspolymorphic phase boundarytexture engineeringthermal stability

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Area of Science:

  • Materials Science
  • Solid State Physics
  • Ceramic Engineering

Background:

  • Piezoelectric materials face a trade-off between multiphase coexistence and phase transformation, limiting performance and thermal stability.
  • Achieving high and stable piezoelectric properties across wide temperature ranges is a critical challenge for advanced applications.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To resolve the dilemma of piezoelectric performance versus thermal stability by engineering continuous phase transitions.
  • To develop novel multilayer piezoelectric ceramics with enhanced piezoelectric coefficients and improved thermal stability.

Main Methods:

  • Constructed multilayer ceramic texture by physically composing two types of (K,Na)NbO3-based piezoelectric ceramics with distinct polymorphic phase boundary (PPB) features.
  • Investigated the resulting hierarchic phase and domain structures, focusing on inducing a continuous phase transition.

Main Results:

  • The multilayer composite ceramics exhibited a continuous phase transition, leading to outstanding piezoelectric performance and thermal stability.
  • Achieved excellent room-temperature piezoelectric properties: piezoelectric coefficient (d33) ~ 420 pC N-1 and inverse piezoelectric coefficient (d33*) ~ 600 pm V-1.
  • Demonstrated remarkable thermal stability, with d33 and d33* values varying by only 2% between 25°C and 100°C.

Conclusions:

  • Established a continuous phase transition-driven paradigm for enhancing piezoelectric thermal stability.
  • The developed multilayer composite ceramics offer a promising route to decouple constraints in next-generation piezoelectric materials.
  • This approach shows universal potential for designing high-performance, thermally stable piezoelectric ceramics.