Menstrual cycle experiences and Ramadan fasting: a mixed-methods study among Lebanese women

Ramadan fasting is a central religious practice for Muslims, yet women are exempt during menstruation. Despite this exemption, many still face physical, emotional, and social challenges.

To explore the impact of Ramadan fasting on menstrual cycle patterns, women's perceptions, and coping strategies.

We conducted a mixed-methods study using structured questionnaires that were circulated on social media platforms and in the clinic after Ramadan 2025. Convenience sampling was used as 154 Lebanese women aged 13-45 years took part in the study. Participants with regular cycles were included; those with amenorrhea or menstrual abnormalities were excluded. Both quantitative and qualitative data were analyzed to capture physical, psychological, social, and spiritual dimensions.

Over 60% of participants reported fatigue and cramps during menstruation. More than half had cycles lasting 6-7 d, while 28% noticed irregularities during Ramadan. Emotionally, 70% expressed difficulty with not fasting. Social stigma was reported by about one-third, while 55% felt awareness around menstruation in Ramadan was lacking. Of 18% admitted using medication to delay menstruation, and 90% called for health education in religious spaces.

Ramadan fasting affects menstrual patterns and psychosocial wellbeing. Community-based awareness and culturally sensitive guidance are essential to support women's health and spirituality.