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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Mar 21, 2026

Fetal Mouse Cardiovascular Imaging Using a High-frequency Ultrasound 30/45MHZ System
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Does maternal respiration modulate maternal-fetal cardiovascular coupling?

G Steyde1, A Galli2, E Peri2

  • 1Department of Electronics, Information and Bioengineering, Politecnico di Milano, Piazza Leonardo da Vinci, 32, Milan, 20133, Lombardy, Italy; Department of Electrical Engineering, Eindhoven University of Technology, De Groene Loper 19, Eindhoven, 5612AP, Noord-Brabant, the Netherlands.

Computers in Biology and Medicine
|March 19, 2026
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Maternal respiration significantly influences fetal heart rate, a key aspect of maternal-fetal cardiac coupling. This connection appears altered in fetuses with conotruncal anomalies, suggesting potential for early pathology detection.

Keywords:
Coupling analysisFetal heart ratePartial directed coherencePregnancy monitoringRespiration

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Area of Science:

  • Cardiovascular physiology
  • Maternal-fetal medicine
  • Computational biology

Background:

  • Maternal Fetal Cardiac Coupling (MFCC) is an understudied phenomenon with potential for detecting pregnancy pathologies.
  • Understanding the dynamics of MFCC, particularly the role of maternal respiration, is crucial.

Purpose of the Study:

  • Investigate maternal respiration's role in short-term interactions between maternal heart rate (MHR) and fetal heart rate (FHR) in healthy fetuses.
  • Determine if these coupling patterns are impaired in fetuses with conotruncal anomalies (CTA).

Main Methods:

  • Utilized non-invasive electrophysiological recordings from over 300 pregnant women in their second trimester.
  • Applied linear coupling metrics (DC, PDC, gPDC) within a Multivariate Autoregressive model, with and without maternal respiration.
  • Compared coupling patterns between healthy fetuses and those with CTA.

Main Results:

  • Maternal respiration was identified as a dominant source of directional influence on both MHR and FHR in MFCC.
  • Preliminary findings indicate a reduced directed interaction from maternal respiration to FHR in fetuses with CTA.

Conclusions:

  • Maternal respiration is a primary regulator of MFCC.
  • This research offers insights into MFCC dynamics, potentially improving monitoring and early diagnosis of pregnancy-related cardiovascular conditions.